| CARROT. 
horses, but they also give recovery and health to 
such as are sick. “ The carrot,” says Stewart, in 
his Stable Economy, “is held in much esteem. 
There is none better, nor perhaps so good. When 
first given, it is slightly diuretic and laxative ; 
but as the horse becomes accustomed to it, these 
effects cease to be produced. They also improve 
the state of the skin. They form a good sub- 
stitute for grass, and an excellent alterative for 
horses out of condition. To sick and idle horses, 
they render corn unnecessary. They are benefi- 
cial in all chronic diseases connected with breath- 
ing, and have a marked influence on chronic 
cough and broken wind. They are serviceable 
in diseases of the skin; and in combination with 
oats, they restore a worn horse much sooner 
than oats alone.’ Most carrot-growing farmers 
usually give carrots to their horses from about 
the middle of December till the beginning or 
middle of May; and many, for a few weeks after 
_ commencing the use of them, give only one half 
_of the proper quantity, and make up the differ- 
' ence with corn. 
| tween forty and fifty pounds a-day to each horse. 
The common allowance is be- 
Burrows says, “I begin to take up the carrot- 
crop in the last week of October, as at that time 
| I generally finish soiling my horses with lucern, 
| and now solely depend upon my carrots, with a 
| proper allowance of hay, as winter food for my 
horses, until about the first week of June follow- 
ing, when the lucern is again ready for soiling. 
| By reducing this practice to a system, I have 
been enabled to feed ten cart-horses throughout 
the winter months for these last six years, with- 
out any corn whatever, and have at the same 
time effected a considerable saving of hay, from 
what I found necessary to give to the same num- 
ber of horses, when, according to the usual cus- 
tom of the country, I fed my horses with corn 
and hay. I give them to my cart-horses in the 
proportion of seventy pounds weight of carrots 
a-horse per day, upon an average; not allowing 
them quite so many in the very short days, and 
sometimes more than that quantity in the spring 
months, or to the amount of what I withheld in 
the short winter days. The men who tend the 
horses slice some of the carrots in the cut chaff 
or hay and barn-door refuse; the rest of the car- 
rots they give whole to the horses at night, with 
a small quantity of hay in their racks; and with 
this food, my horses generally enjoy uninterrupt- 
ed health. I mention this, as I believe that 
some persons think that carrots only, given as 
have no better foundation, and are taken up at 
random, or inherited from their grandfathers. So 
successful have I been with carrots, as a winter 
food for horses, that, with the assistance of lu- 
cern for soiling in summer, I have been enabled 
to prove by experiments conducted under my 
own personal inspection, that an able Norfolk 
team-horse, fully worked two journeys a-day, 
a 
CARSE. 
winter and summer, may be kept the entire year 
round upon the produce of only one statute acre 
of land. I have likewise applied carrots with 
great profit to the feeding of hogs in winter, and 
by that means have made my straw into a most 
excellent manure, without the aid of neat cat- 
tle.’—Communications to the Board of Agricul- 
ture—Stewart’s Stable Hconomy.—Sir John Sin- 
clair’s General Report of Scotland—Kane’s Indus- 
trial Resources of Ireland.— Young's Farmer's 
Kalendar— Quarterly Journal of Agriculture— | 
Journal of the R. Agricultural Society.—Lawson’s 
Agriculiurist’s Manual_—Hunter’s Georgical Es- 
says. — Miller's Dictionary.—Low’s Elements of 
Agriculiure—Sproule’s Agriculture—Rham’s Dic- 
tionary of the Farm.—Loudon’s Works—Mawe's 
Gardener's Calendar—Knouwledge Society’s British 
Husbandry. — Davy’s Agricultural Chemistry.— 
Clater’s Cattle Doctor—The Society of Gentlemen’s 
Complete Farmer. 
CARRUCATEH. An ancient English measure 
of land. It comprised as much as a single plough 
or team could work in a season; and, of course, 
was indeterminate in quantity, or modified par- 
tially by the strength of the team, and very 
greatly by the quality of the soil. 
CARSE. A deep, argillaceous, low, level ex- 
panse of alluvium. The names carse and haugh 
are peculiar to Scotland, and cannot easily be 
translated into English; though both are fre- 
quently, yet most incompetently, represented by 
the word meadow. <A haugh is a lacustrine for- | 
mation, in a hill-locked valley, and became dry | 
land by the bursting of the lake or the wearing 
down of the river-course which formed the lake’s 
outlet ; and a carse is a marine formation, in the 
basin or valley of an estuarial river, and became 
dry land by the slow and gradual subsession of 
the sea or the filling up of the bottom and basin 
of the estuary. Haughs are of all sizes, from a 
few perches to several hundreds of acres, and 
consist of very many varieties and depths of al- 
luvial soil; but the principal carses are many 
miles in extent, and consist of very fine and ex- | 
ceedingly deep argillaceous alluvium. But carse | 
clay widely differs from the plastic, pasty, infer- | 
tile clay of the clay districts of England; and, in 
consequence of the intimate intermixture of 
other finely pulverized earths with its argil, pos- 
sesses eminent adaptation, under good culture, 
for the production of wheat and beans. The 
carse of Gowrie along the estuary of the Tay, and | 
the carses of Stirling and Falkirk, along the | 
food to horses, are injurious to their constitu- | quondam estuarial portion of the valley of the | 
tion; but most of the prejudices of mankind ! Forth—both tracts of great extent and of sur- | 
passing agricultural beauty—are justly celebrated 
as the richest grain districts in Scotland. 
Carse farms are wholly and most productively 
arable; and are, in consequence, totally unsuited 
to pastoral farming. A carse farmer ought to be | 
thoroughly acquainted with the cultivation of 
grain, but requires little knowledge of the man- 
'agement of live-stock. He needs only horses 
