‘CATARRH. 
ated immediately behind the ear. Should no 
unusual heat or tenderness be observed in those 
swellings, apply the stimulating ointment recom- 
mended for strangles; but if they feel hot, are 
painful, and appear to be in a state of active in- 
flammation, a poultice is the best remedy. If 
the eyes are inflamed and watery, a rowel should 
be inserted under the jaw; and if the inflamma- 
tion in the throat is so considerable, as to render 
swallowing painful and difficult, a blister will 
afford great relief. Hot bran mashes should be 
given frequently, which will not only serve to 
keep the bowels open, but will act as a fomenta- 
tion to the inflamed membranes, since the horse 
will be constantly inhaling the vapour which 
escapes from them. Should he be costive (which 
is not likely to happen while he is taking bran 
mashes), let glysters be injected occasionally. 
The head and chest, as well as the body, should 
be well clothed, the legs frequently hand-rubbed, 
and a large quantity of litter allowed; by these 
means, he will soon be restored to health.” But 
this is the proper treatment for only such vio- 
lent forms of catarrh as verge on other and worse 
diseases: mere extra care will cure the majority 
of cases; mere comfortableness of stable and 
clothing, a few warm mashes, and a fever ball or 
two, will cure nineteen cases in twenty; yet 
bleeding ought to be practised whenever there is 
fever. 
Catarrh in cows and oxen is popularly known 
under the name of hoose. The causes of it, as in 
the horse, are multifarious and often trivial; and 
both the symptoms and the consequences of it 
are precisely similar. Though hoose, especially 
when accompanied with cough, is often the pre- 
monition of serious and incurable diseases, it is 
very generally treated with brutal ignorance or 
culpable neglect. A farmer hears some of his 
cows coughing, perhaps hardly and painfully; 
but so long as they continue to take a fair quan- 
tity of food, he pays no attention to their distem- 
per. Their cough seems to be attended with but 
little inflammation ; it remits and returns; it is 
aggravated by his exposing them to cold or wet; 
it becomes hoarse and hard, in consequence of 
his crowding them into hot and ill-ventilated cow- 
houses; yet, till it ceases to be a principal symp- 
tom, and is followed by loss of appetite and begun 
emaciation, he does not dream that the brutes 
are seriously ailing,—and then they are irretriey- 
ably and vitally diseased in the respiratory sys- 
tem, and, in spite of all he can do for them, are 
quite beyond remedy. Yet any cold, if wisely 
treated in ‘any of its earliest stages, may be 
cheaply and easily cured. Warm housing, a few 
mashes, and a cough and fever drink will usually 
succeed; and the last of these remedies may 
consist of one drachm of emetic tartar, three 
drachms of saltpetre, half a drachm of powdered 
foxglove, and a quart of pretty thick gruel. 
Catarrh in sheep has similar symptoms as in 
horses and cows. In all mild or ordinary cases, 
CATCHFELY. 731 
even though it attack a whole flock, and indi- 
cate itself by nasal discharge, it is of small con- 
sequence, and requires no further treatment than 
a little shelter. But when it becomes so viru- 
lent as to verge on bronchitis, or assume a highly 
inflammatory character, it demands instant at- 
tention. “If there is one sheep that stays be- 
hind or will not eat,” says Clater, “the shepherd 
should catch him, and remove him to a warmer 
situation, and bleed him, and give him the laxa- 
tive and fever drinks, and nurse him with mashes 
and hay. If a second or third sheep should fail 
in the same manner, he must indeed look about 
him; there is danger to all, for the inflammation 
has spread itself from the throat down the wind- 
pipe to the air-passages of the lungs, and a very 
dangerous disease, called bronchitis, is produced. 
He must move the whole flock to a more shel- 
tered situation. He must move them to a pas- 
ture of somewhat different character. He must 
take them from their turnips or their hay, and 
give them whatever food his farm will afford. 
He should, if he will take the trouble to do so 
(and he would be amply repaid for that trouble), 
bleed them all round, and physic them all. This 
is strange doctrine to the farmer, who is accus- 
tomed to look on, and let things take their course. 
It is, however, good advice, and he will find it 
so, if he will but follow it. Yet let him not, in 
his determination to rouse himself to do some- 
thing, listen too much to the suggestions of the 
shepherd or the farrier. Let him not give any 
of those abominable cordial drinks which have 
destroyed thousands of sheep. Warmth, housing 
at night, littering with clean straw, and warm 
gruel, if the animal will not eat or drink, are not 
only allowable but useful; nay, I would allow a 
little ginger or a little ale with the medicine ; 
but not those compounds of all manner of hot 
and injurious spices which would kindle a fire in 
the veins of the animal, if it were not blazing 
there before.” — Turton’s Medical Glossary. — | 
Blaine’s Veterinary Art.—Whites Veterinary.— — 
Spooner on Sheep.—Youatt on Cattle— Youatt on 
the Horse.—Clater’s Cattle Doctor. 
CATCHELY, —botanically Stlene. <A large 
genus of plants, of the carnation tribe. 
species grow wild in England, one in Scotland, 
four in both England and Scotland; about one 
hundred and fifty have been introduced from 
foreign countries, chiefly the continent of Eu- | 
rope, and the parts of Asia and Africa nearest 
Kurope; and about seventy other species have | 
More than one- | 
half are annuals, a few are biennials, and most 
been scientifically described. 
of the others are perennial-rooted herbs. Many 
are mere weeds, and a considerable number are 
fine ornaments of the open border of the flower 
garden. Their botanical name is formed from 
a word which signifies ‘saliva;’ and both this 
and their popular name of catchfly allude to a 
frothy viscid moisture which they exude from 
their stems, and which, in some of the species, 
Five | 
= —<——$ — a 
———— EE 
