justly prized by cottiers and small farmers. 
| distance. 
|, seasons of the year, according to the manner in 
removed to good pastures; and are much and 
The 
larger Cravens inhabit the low and level districts ; 
and yield less milk in proportion to their size 
and. food than the smaller Cravens; but possess 
an extraordinary tendency to fatten rapidly and 
to acquire a great bulk and weight. “ As either 
of these found their way to other districts,” re- 
marks Mr. Youatt, “ they mingled to a greater or 
less degree with the native cattle, or they felt 
the influence of change of climate and soil, and 
gradually adapted themselves to their new situa- 
tion; and each assumed a peculiarity of form 
which characterized it as belonging to a certain 
district, and rendered it valuable and almost per- 
fect there. The Cheshire, the Derbyshire, the 
Nottinghamshire, the Staffordshire, the Oxford- 
shire, and the Wiltshire cattle were all essen- 
tially long-horns; but each had its distinguishing 
feature, which seemed best to fit it for its situa- 
tion, and the purposes for which it was bred. 
Having assumed a decided character, varying only 
with peculiar local circumstances, the old long- 
| horns, like the Devons, the Herefords, and the 
| Scotch, continued nearly the same.” 
| horns were cherished in.preference to all other 
The long- 
breeds, and maintained to be the best, by the 
celebrated improver, Mr. Bakewell; but they are 
now generally admitted to be decidedly inferior 
in aggregate worth to the short-horns, and not 
equal for the shambles to any one of several of 
the Scotch breeds. 
Wild Cattle of Chillingham Park.—The follow- 
ing account of the wild cattle kept at Chilling- 
| ham, and which are supposed to be the descend- 
ants of a species which formerly inhabited this 
country, is extracted from a letter addressed by 
Lord Tankerville to Mr. Hindmarsh, who read a 
paper on these animals at the recent meeting of 
the British Association. His lordship supposes 
that “they were the ancient breed of the island, 
enclosed long since within the boundary of the 
park,” but states that he is not in possession of 
| any documents respecting them, or the period at 
| which the park was first enclosed. 
“They have 
pre-eminently all the characteristics of wild ani- 
mals, with some peculiarities that are sometimes 
very curious and amusing. They hide their 
young, feed in the night, basking or sleeping 
during the day; they are fierce when pressed, 
but, generally speaking, very timorous, moving 
off on the appearance of any one, even at a great 
Yet this varies very much in different 
which they are approached. In summer, I have 
_ been for several weeks at a time without getting 
_asight of them; they, on the slightest appear- 
ance of any one, retiring into a wood, which 
serves them as a sanctuary. On the other hand, 
in winter, when coming down for food into the 
inner park, and being in contact with the people, 
they will let you almost come among them, par- 
ticularly if on horseback. But then they have 
CATTLE: 
also a thousand peculiarities. They will be feeding 
sometimes quietly, when, if any one appear sud- 
denly near them, particularly coming down the 
wind, they will be struck with a sudden panic, 
and gallop off, running one after another, and 
never stopping till they get into their sanctuary. 
It is observable of them as of red deer, that they 
have a peculiar faculty of taking advantage of 
the irregularities of the ground, so that, on being 
disturbed they may traverse the whole park, and 
yet you hardly get a sight of them. Their usual 
mode of retreat is to get up slowly, set off in a 
walk, then a trot, and seldom begin to gallop till 
they have put the ground between you and them 
in the manner that I have described. In form 
they are beautifully shaped, short legs, straight 
back, horns of a very fine texture, thin skin, so 
that some of the bulls appear of a cream colour ; 
and they have a cry more like that of a wild 
beast than that of ordinary cattle. With all the 
marks of high breeding they have also some of 
its defects. They are bad breeders, and are much 
subject to the rush, a complaint common to ani- 
mals bred in and in, which is unquestionably the 
case with these as long as we have any account 
of them. When they come down into the lower 
part of the park, which they do at stated hours, 
they move like a regiment of cavalry in single 
files, the bulls leading the van, as in retreat it is 
the bulls that bring up the rear. Lord Ossulston 
was witness to a curious way in which they took 
possession, as it were, of a new pasture recently 
opened to them. It was in the evening about | 
sunset ; they began by lining the front of a small 
wood, which seemed quite alive with them, when | 
all of a sudden they made a dash forward alto- 
gether in a line, and charging close by him across 
the plain, they then spread out, and after a little 
time began feeding. Of their tenacity of life, the 
following is aninstance. An old bull being to be 
killed, one of the keepers had proceeded to sepa- 
rate him from the rest of the herd, which were 
feeding in the outer park. This the bull resent- | 
ing, and having been frustrated in several at- 
tempts to join them by the keeper’s interposing 
(the latter doing it incautiously), the bull made 
a rush at him and got him down; he then tossed 
him three several times, and afterwards knelt 
down upon him and broke several of his ribs. 
There being no other person present but a boy, 
the only assistance that could be given him was 
by letting loose a deer-hound belonging to Lord 
Ossulston, who immediately attacked the bull, 
and by biting his heels drew him off the man, 
and eventually saved his life. The bull, however, 
never left the keeper, but kept continually watch- 
ing and returning to him, giving him a toss from 
time to time. In this state of things, and while 
the dog, with singular sagacity and courage, was 
holding the bull at bay, a messenger came up to 
the castle, when all the gentlemen came out with 
their rifles, and commenced a fire upon the bull, 
principally by a steady good marksman, from be- |. 
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