| florus, was introduced so late as 1844. 
| nearly or quite hardy, and has evergreen, shin- 
* 
790 
clusters at the end of almost every twig, and 
bloom from July till October. The flowers appear 
almost to cover the shrub, and give it a very 
beautiful appearance ; and the leaves which in- 
termix with their clusters produce a similar 
effect to sprigs of myrtle in a richly selected 
bouquet. The fruit is small and brownish, and 
| sometimes ripens its seed in England. This spe- 
cies is propagable from either seeds or layers ; 
and the other species, some from seeds, some from 
layers, and some from cuttings.—An eminently 
beautiful species, the dense-flowered, C. thyrsi- 
It is 
ing, oval leaves, and large panicles or clusters of 
light blue flowers. In its native situations, in 
many parts of America, it attains the height of 
| a small tree, and, during the period of bloom, is 
| densely enveloped with flowers; and in Britain: 
_ also, so far as it has yet been tried, it manifests 
the habit of a very free bloomer. 
CECIDOMYIA. See Trpuna. 
CEDAR,—botanically Cedrus. A small genus 
of hardy, evergreen, ornamental, timber-trees, of 
the fir-tree division of the coniferous order. The 
cedar of Lebanon species, Cedrus Libani, for- 
merly called Pinus cedrus, is distinguished, by its 
strong, ramose branches, from all other trees of 
the same order. The general character of the 
shoot, even when the tree is young, is singularly 
bold and picturesque, and quite peculiar to the 
genus. ‘The tree is a native of the coldest part 
of the mountains of Libanus, Amanus, and Tau- 
rus; but it is not now to be found in those places 
in great numbers. Maundrell, in his journey from 
Aleppo to Jerusalem, in 1696, could reckon only 
sixteen large trees, though many small ones. 
| The forest of Libanus seems never to have re- 
covered from the havoc made by Solomon’s forty 
score thousand hewers. This tree was introduced 
to Britain from the Levant in the eighth decad 
| of the 17th century, and has ever since been 
justly regarded as one of the noblest and most 
imposing ornaments of our parks and home-views. 
Yet it isso massive and mighty a feature in near 
grouping as to require to have its situation 
_ chosen, if not by a practised landscape gardener, 
at least by a person of refined and comprehensive 
taste. The pre-eminent value of its timber, too, 
| is matter, not only of general modern notoriety, 
but of both civil and sacred history. “This tim- 
ber, to adopt the words of Hanbury, “was greatly 
used in the building of Solomon’s Temple, which 
at once convinces us of its superlative excellence. 
It is said to continue sound for two thousand 
years; and we are told that, in the temple of 
Apollo at Utica, there was found cedar wocd of 
that age. The magnificent temples of the Pagans, 
| as well as those of the true God, were chiefly 
puilt of this famous timber. The statue of the 
great goddess at Ephesus was made of this ma- 
terial; and if this tree abounded with us in 
great plenty, it might have a principal share in 
our most superb edifices. The effluvia constantly 
emitted from its wood are said to purify the air, 
and make rooms wholesome. It is not obnoxious 
to worms; and emits an oil which will preserve 
cloth or books from worms or corruption. The 
sawdust will preserve human bodies from putre- 
faction, and is therefore said to be plentifully 
used in the rites of embalming, where practised.” 
The cedar of Lebanon is propagated from its 
cones, and will grow well in almost any kind of 
soil or situation ; but, after being planted out 
from the nursery-bed, it ought never to be touched 
by knife, hatchet, or other tool, and, with the 
exception of being fenced from cattle, should 
be let as completely alone as if it grew in the 
sublime solitudes of its native clime. A success- 
ful attempt was made upwards of 20 years ago, 
at Nantes in the west of France, to graft the 
cedar of Lebanon upon the larch. 
The deodara or Himmalayan cedar, Cedrus 
deodara, was introduced to Britain from Nepaul 
in 1822, and has already become extensively 
diffused in shrubberies and select collections of 
ornamental trees. It naturally grows on the 
stupendous mountains of India and Nepaul, at 
altitudes of from 7,000 to 12,000 feet above the 
level of the sea; and in aggregate height and 
character, it is grander on these mountains than 
even the old cedar on the heights of Lebanon,— 
very commonly attaining a height of 90 or 100 
feet and a girth of upwards of 30 feet. “ When 
young,” says Thornton, “it closely resembles 
the real cedar, but never sends forth spreading 
branches. The cone resembles that of the cedar, 
and is preceded by a catkin of a bright yellow 
colour; so that the tree, when in full blossom, 
appears covered with a rich mantle of gold. These 
catkins are loaded with a golden dust, which the 
wind shakes from the branches in such quanti- 
ties, that the ground for a considerable distance 
about the tree becomes, as it were, sheeted with 
gold. So durable is its timber, that some used 
in the building of one of the wooden bridges 
over the Jailum was found little decayed after 
exposure to the weather for above 400 years.” 
Young plants of the deodara cedar look nearly as 
well as plants of the exquisitely elegant A wraca- 
ria excelsa; and they have the great additional 
recommendation of being unfastidious and hardy; 
so that they are well adapted for almost every 
kind of shrubbery.—Two species of cypress, the 
arbor-vitee-like and the Portugal, are sometimes 
popularly called respectively the white cedar, and 
the cedar of Goa; and seven species of juniper-trees 
and shrubs, Junipert oxycedrus, Virginiana, Ber- 
mudiana, Barbadensis, thurifera, Lycia, and Phe- 
nicia, are sometimes, though with little propriety, 
popularly called respectively sharp cedar, Virgi- 
nian or red cedar, Bermudan cedar, Barbadoes 
or Jamaica cedar, Spanish cedar, Lycian cedar, 
and Phoenician cedar. See the articles Cypruss, 
JUNIPER, and ABIES. 
CEDRELA.. See Basrarp Crpar. 
