760 CERIN. 
occasionally follow in rapid succession.—The cre- 
nated species, C’. crenatus, was quite recently in- 
troduced; and it fully rivals the great-flowering 
species, and possesses at the same time the ad- 
vantages of blooming by day, and of not having 
a rambling habit. Its stem is broad and flat, 
with regularly crenated edges; and its flowers 
are white, deliciously fragrant, and about five 
inches in diameter. othe! taovwient species, C. 
spectosissimus, was introduced from South Amer- 
ica in 1816. It usually grows to the height of 
| about a yard, and produces its superb crimson 
flowers in July. The Gardener’s Gazette of 1841 
| notices a plant of it at Folkstone in Kent, which 
| covered a space equal to 200 square feet, and 
| generally continued in bloom three months, and 
which, in that season, had during a single fort- 
| night expanded 200 of its magnificent flowers, 
| and promised to expand altogether about a thou- 
' sand.— Much and considerably successful care 
| has been used by some of the most distinguished 
| market florists to hybridize the most finely flow- 
ering species of cereus. See the article Cacrvs. 
| CERIN. One of the two chemical constituents 
_ of wax,—the other being myricin. Cerin is solu- 
ble, while myricin is insoluble, in alcohol. The 
unctuous matter of the cinnamon berry consists 
wholly of cerin and a little oil When wax is 
saponified by the action of a fixed alkali, a pecu- 
| liar acid is formed, called ceric acid. 
CERINTHE. See Honeywort. 
CERIUM. A scarce, metallic, elementary ate 
stance, discovered, in 1808, in a rare Swedish 
mineral called aaa It is obtained in minute 
pieces not larger than pin-heads ; and is white 
and brittle, and resists the action of nitric acid, 
but is dissolved by nitromuriatic acid. It makes 
one combination with sulphur, and two combina- 
tions with oxygen; yet its properties are, in a 
| great degree, TINO, 
CEROPHGTA. A genus of curious and ‘inter- 
esting plants, of the swallow-wort tribe. The 
name ceropegia signifies a “well of wax,” and 
alludes to the amassment of the pollen into accu- 
mulations of waxy matter as in the plants of the 
orchis tribe. One or two species of ceropegia are 
admired for their flowers; but most are esteemed 
and cultivated simply for their very singular ap- 
pearance. Upwards of a dozen species, all more 
|| or less tender, and principally natives of India 
and Australia, were introduced to Britain be- 
|| tween 1817 and 1840. Four are tuberous-rooted, 
|| and propagable by division of the roots; two are 
evergreen undershrubs; and the others are twin- 
ers and trailers, chiefly evergreens, and all pro- 
| pagable from cuttings. Most have a height of 
only from one foot to eight feet ; but the most 
| handsome, C. elegans, is a twiner to the height of 
20 feet. 
| 
| 
CERRIS. A group of oak-trees, popularly 
called bitter oaks, Turkey oaks, and mossy-cup- 
ped oaks. The species zegilops, Quercus wegilops, 
belongs to this group; and comprises three 
CESTRUM. 
varieties, the oriental, the broad-leaved, and the 
pendulous. But the principal species is the cer- 
ris proper,—Quercus cerris of Linnzeus, or Quercus 
crinita of Lamarck. This comprises seven varie- | 
ties with deciduous foliage, two with foliage of 
medium habit between deciduous and evergreen, 
and five with foliage almost or altogether ever- 
green. See the article Oax. 
CHRT-MONEY. An annual fine, paid by. the 
residents of some manors to their landlords, and 
sometimes to the hundred, for the certain keep- 
ing of the leet. 
CERVICAL LIGAMENT. See Neck. 
CHSSPOOL. A tank or cistern for collecting 
and containing liquid manure. See the article 
TANK. | 
CESTRUM. A genus of poisonous, evergreen, 
tropical shrubs, of the nightshade tribe. Nearly | 
thirty species have been introduced to the hot-- 
houses of Britain; and about twenty other spe- 
cies have been scientifically described. The in- 
troduced species vary in height from 4 to 15 | 
feet ; and most of them are natives of the West | 
Indies, the East Indies, and tropical America, 
have white, yellow, or greenish white flowers, | 
and are propagated from cuttings in peat and | 
loam. The cork-barked species, C. swberoswm, in- | 
troduced in 1815, and carrying sulphur-coloured | 
flowers, is ornamental ; and the orange-coloured 
species, OC. aurantiacum, recently introduced from 
Guatemala, is one of the gayest autumn-flower- 
ing plants of the greenhouse. The outline of the | 
latter is bushy and symmetrical; its habit of | 
growth is free and vigorous ; its leaves are smooth, 
wavy, and oval; its flowers are small and orange- | 
coloured, grow in panicles or bunches, and con- 
tinue for a considerable time in bloom; and its 
fruit are white berries, somewhat similar to those 
of the snowberry-tree, and combine with the foli- 
age to give the plant a very handsome appear- 
ance throughout the winter.—The night-smelling 
species, or lady-of-the-night, C. nocturnum, was 
introduced in 1732; and isone of the best-known | 
species. Its name alludes to the strong fragrance | 
of its flowers after sunset. Its stem is upright, 
covered with a greyish bark, and about seven | 
feet high; its branches are numerous and slen- 
der, and generally incline to one side; its leaves | 
are alternate, smooth, pale green, and nearly four _ 
inches long, and one and a half broad; and its | 
flowers have a greenish white colour, and are | 
produced in small clusters and on short foot- 
stalks, but are not followed in Britain by any | 
fructification.—The day-smelling species, or lady- 
of-the-day, C. diurnum, was introduced in the 
same year as the night-smelling species. Its stem 
is upright, and covered with a smooth, light- 
green bark, and about ten feet high ; its leaves 
are smooth, lively green, similar in consistence 
‘to those of spurge laurel, and nearly three inches 
long, and one and a half broad ; and its flowers 
have a very white colour, and are produced in 
clusters, close to the branches, from the wings of 
