CHAMAIDOREA. 
ures—Museum Rusticum.—Lisle’s Husbandry.— 
Marshall’s Midland Counties— Young's Farmer's 
Kalendar.— British Husbandry.— The Farmer's 
Magazine.—Rham’s Book of the Farm.—Thomson’s 
Dispensatory.— Youatt on the Horse —Clater's Cat- 
tle Doctor.—Doyle’s Husbandry. 
CHAMADOREA. A genus of small, orna- 
mental, tropical trees, of the palm tribe. Two 
species, the fragrant and the slender, about 8 or 
10 feet high, have been introduced to Britain 
from respectively Trinidad and the Caraccas. 
The low growth of the trees, and especially their 
habit of low flowering, are alluded to in the 
name chameedorea, which signifies ‘ a gift to the 
ground.’ , 
CHAMAIROPS. A genus of low-growing, or- 
namental, greenhouse and hothouse trees, of the 
palm tribe. The low, dwarf, or fan-palm spe- 
cies, C. humilis, is a native of Spain and Portu- 
gal, and was introduced to Britain in 1731. In 
| its native country, particularly in Andalusia, it 
| propagates itself with such rapidity, and has 
such a stemless and leafy habit, as to cover large 
| tracts of ground in a manner very similar to that 
in which ferns cover dry woody tracts in Britain. 
The footstalks of the leaves rise immediately 
| from the crown of the root, and are flat on their 
| upper surface, convex on their under surface, 
and armed on each side with strong spines; and 
the leaves are attached by the centre to the ends 
_ of the footstalks, and have a fan-like form and 
| many foldings, and are deeply divided at the top 
_ like the human hand with its fingers, and have 
their borders finely serrated, and adorned with 
white narrow edgings,—and they measure from 
9 to 18 inches in length, and nearly a foot in 
maximum breadth, and spread out on every side 
of the plant. When the leaves are newly formed, 
they appear like a shut fan, and are fastened to- 
gether by strong fibres which run along their 
borders; and when they become matured and 
expand, the fibres or strings hang from their 
sides and ends. The spadix or club which sus- 
tains the flowers grows up from among the leaves, 
and is covered with a thin spatha or hood, which 
falls off when the bunches open and divide. Mr. 
Otto, the inspector of the Royal Botanic Garden 
of Berlin, said, about 20 years ago, respecting a 
plant of Chamzrops humilis under his care: “ It 
is supposed to have been brought from Holland 
upwards of 171 years ago. After having been 
many years in a’tub, and exposed to the open air 
during every summer, it was, about the end of 
last century, planted in the floor of a hothouse, 
and has since ripened fruit, from which plants 
have been raised, and which are still in the gar- 
den. Its height is 18 feet, which may be consi- 
dered extraordinary, as, in its native situations 
in Spain and Portugal, it forms a bush seldom 
higher than two feet. But the most remarkable 
circumstance connected with this palm is, that it 
was the subject of the experiment cited by Lin- 
nus, as a proof of the sexual system of botany. 
CHAMOMILE. 
In this experiment, the palm is said to be the 
Phenix dactylifera ; but this mistake was cor- 
rected by Peter Collinson, who travelled in Ger- | 
many during the seven years’ war, and, when he || 
was in Berlin and saw the palm, wrote the true | 
name on a slip of paper, and stuck it in the tree.” 
—Six other species of chameerops, varying in 
height from 10 to 30 feet, have been introduced 
to Britain since the commencement of the pre- | 
sent century, three from the southern states of . 
North America, two from the tropical parts of 
South America, and one from Nepaul. 
CHAMOMILE,—botanically Anthemis. Alarge | 
genus of plants, principally herbaceous, forming 
the type of a suborder of Composite. This sub- 
order comprises about 20 genera,—among others, 
the well-known yarrow, feverfew, tansy, worm- 
wood, wild chamomile, and ox-eye daisy. The 
proper chamomiles, or plants of the genus An- | 
themis, comprise five British species, and about | 
50 known foreign species; and most of the latter | 
have been introduced to the botanical collections | 
of Britain, while not a few are far from being 
uncommon in flower gardens. The globose spe- | 
cles, in particular, Anthemis globosa, has been || 
known in British greenhouses as an elegant her- | 
baceous evergreen, since a little after the middle 
of the 16th century. One of the British species, 
Anthemis arvensis, is a biennial white-flowered 
weed of dry fields; another, Anthemis cotula, is | 
an annual white-flowered weed of corn-fields ; 
another, Anthemis anglica, is an annual trailer of 
some of the maritime parts of England; another, | 
Anthemis tinctoria, or dyer’s chamomile, isa yel-_ | 
low-flowered, perennial-rooted inhabitant of stony 
places, and of some little use as a dye-stuff; and 
another, Anthemis nobilis, is a creeping, low-grow- 
ing, herbaceous evergreen of some pastures, but 
is also the cultivated medicinal chamomile of 
cottage gardens, so well known and so much in | 
vogue as often to usurp the name and honours of 
the whole genus. The flowers of this last are 
the parts used in medicine; but those of one 
variety, frequently called the Scottish chamo- 
mile, are single; while those of the more com- 
monly cultivated variety, frequently called Eng- 
lish chamomile, are very double. Both varieties 
are white-flowered, and usually bloom from July 
till September. Chamomile flowers, such as they 
are found in the shops, are white, desiccated, of a 
very aromatic and rather pleasant smell,and of a | 
very bitter and warm taste. They contain an es- || 
sential oil, of a fine blue colour, a gummo-resin- 
ous principle, ‘camphor, and tannin. Water and 
alcohol dissolve their active principles. Chamo- 
mile is a moderately energetic stimulant, pos- 
sessing, on account of its bitterness, some tonic 
properties, which have rendered it a popular | 
remedy for a number of diseases. It is employed 
with success to stimulate the digestive functions 
in dyspepsia, chlorosis, gout, in flatulent colics, 
&c. Itis also advantageously used in slight in- 
termittent fevers, and spasmodic affections. A 
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