800 
oughly washed and scoured with it, there is an 
end to all danger, whatever may have been the 
disease. The farmer and the veterinary surgeon 
will soon appreciate its value in this respect, and 
never be without it. It is best kept in the form 
of powder in a closed jar. Half an ounce of it 
dissolved in a quart of water will give sufficient 
efficacy to the fluid as a wash; one drachm to 
the same quantity of water will be sufficient 
when it is given as a drink.” The chief sores, 
distempers, and diseased conditions of cattle in 
which it has been proved to be efficacious, are, in 
external application, garget, blain, foul, slough- 
ing ulcers, and the foetor after abortion, and, in 
internal exhibition, diarrhoea, dysentery, and 
malignant epizootics.—Chloride of soda, though 
hitherto little known in veterinary practice, pro- 
bably excels chloride of lime both as a disinfec- 
tant and as a remedy; but it is liable to be con- 
founded in name with chloride of sodium, or com- 
mon salt, and ought to be known under its full 
designation of chloruret of oxide of sodium. Mr. 
Alcock, speaking of this liquid, says, “It has 
been shown to possess the valuable property of 
destroying the most putrid effluvia arising from 
animal substances, even when these effluvia are 
diffused to a considerable extent in the surround- 
ing atmosphere: it has also the property, when 
applied to the substances giving off these effluvia, 
of arresting or destroying the progress of putre- 
faction. Not only does it possess this power with 
regard to dead and detached animal substances, 
but in those distressing forms of disease in which 
a part or parts of the living human body become 
dead and putrid, whilst yet attached to the con- 
tiguous tissues which preserve their vitality, it 
has the inestimable power of speedily ameliorat- 
ing this most loathsome condition, by destroying 
the putrid odour emanating from the dead por- 
tions; and it, moreover, generally arrests the fur- 
ther progress of decomposition, and promotes the 
more speedy separation of the dead parts from the 
living, than can be obtained by ordinary means. 
It very often is capable of changing the nature of 
malignant, corroding, and destructive sores, into 
the condition of simple ulcers: in many ulcers 
not malignant, it is capable of greatly hastening 
the cure. In short, though not an infallible re- 
medy, it is capable, under the guidance of medi- 
cal and surgical skill, sound judgment and expe- 
rience, of alleviating and often of totally remov- 
ing, some of the most distressing and loathsome 
diseases to’which animals are liable.” A writer 
in the Veterinarian adds to this testimony of 
Mr. Alcock, “ We have used chloride of soda with 
manifest advantage in a case of fistulous withers, 
the putrid stage of distemper in dogs, and ulcer- 
ations of their lips and gums. A French veter- 
inary surgeon, M. Lard, in the spring of 1805, 
cured a glandered horse with it; and another 
military veterinary surgeon, M. Etienne, was 
most successful in arresting the progress of sev- 
eral diseases among the troop-horses at the bar- 
CHLORINE. ’ 
racks of Moulins. The bad forage and situation 
of this place subjected the horses to attacks of 
glanders and farcy. Every attempt to arrest 
these maladies proved abortive, until M. Etienne 
used the chloride of soda. He diluted the solu- 
tion of the chloride with twenty-four times its 
weight of water, and bathed the ulcers with it, 
and injected it into the nostrils. The defluxion 
rapidly decreased, and in thirty-five days the ani- 
mals returned to their work. The usual means 
of treating these diseases were continued at the 
same time, but these were perfectly ineffectual 
before the chloride was used.”—The chloride of 
sodium, or common salt, is universally known as 
a substance of great and manifold economical 
value; and it possesses, in addition to its com- 
mon adaptations, some properties of peculiar 
worth to the farmer. See the article Satz. 
Chlorine gas is proposed by Mr. Youatt as pro- 
bably an available and effective agent for de- 
stroying worms in the bronchial tubes of cattle. 
Chlorine, united with hydrogen, forms an im- 
portant compound, called murzatic, or hydrochlo- 
ric acid gas. See Murtatic Actp. With oxygen, 
it gives rise to four distinct compounds, which 
are remarkable for the feeble attraction of their 
constituent elements, notwithstanding the strong 
affinity of oxygen and chlorine for most elemen- 
tary substances. These compounds are never 
met with in nature. Indeed, they cannot be 
formed by the direct combination of their con- 
stituents; and their decomposition is effected by 
the slightest causes. Notwithstanding this, their 
union is always regulated by the law of definite 
proportions, as appears from the following tabu- 
lar view, illustrative of their composition, 
Chlorine. Oxygen. 
Protoxide of chlorine, 36 8 
Peroxide of chlorine, 36 32 
Chlorie acid, . : A 4 36 40 
Perchloric acid, . 36 56 
Chlorine forms, along with nitrogen, one of the 
most explosive compounds yet known, and was 
the cause of serious accidents to M. Dulong, its 
discoverer, and afterwards to Sir H. Davy. The 
chloride of nitrogen is formed from the action of 
chlorine on some salt of ammonia, chlorine and 
nitrogen being incapable of uniting, when pre- 
sented to each other in their gaseous form. Its 
formation is owing to the decomposition of am- 
monia (a compound of hydrogen and nitrogen) 
by chlorine. The hydrogen of the ammonia 
unites with chlorine, and forms muriatic acid; 
while the nitrogen of the ammonia, being pre- 
sented in its nascent state to chlorine, dissolved 
in the solution, enters into combination with it. 
The chloride of nitrogen has a specific gravity of 
1°653; it does not congeal by the intense cold 
produced by a mixture of snow and salt. Ata 
temperature between 200° and 212°, it explodes ; 
and mere contact with most substances of a com- 
bustible nature causes detonation at common 
temperatures. The products of the explosion are 
