‘ 
~ 
always that the cold be not too intense. 
| of Olintonia pulchella alba. 
818 CLIMBERS. 
animals of warm countries also exhibiting a 
greater richness and variety in their hues, more 
vivacity and energy of character, more activity 
and strength in all their parts. Everything 
proclaims in Nature the beneficial influence of 
warmth over reproduction, as well as upon the 
form and qualities of its productions. 
It appears, however, that heat, while it aug- 
ments the energy of the vital powers, contributes 
a more diminutive growth to the organs of the 
different functions, probably because the moist- 
ure which contributes much to this develop- 
ment is less abundant, and because the solids of 
the animal body bear a greater ratio to the fluids, 
which are more or less dissipated by heat. Cli- 
mates of dry and warm character render their 
fibres rigid, slim, moveable, and irritable, and 
they become deprived of that moisture, which 
had lessened their sensibility by softening them. 
Thus, we constantly observe that horses, bulls, 
sheep, goats, dogs, and other domestic animals, 
are proportionably smaller, but more vivid, ar- 
dent, and active in warm countries, than animals 
of the same species in colder regions, provided 
An ex- 
cess of cold is, however, still more injurious to 
growth. The largest races of cattle are found in 
temperate climates, which are moderately cold 
and moist. A moderate degree of cold, by giving 
density and elasticity to the animal fibre, when 
influenced by an adequate supply of moisture, 
becomes at once favourable to the growth and 
multiplication of the species. See the articles 
AutTitupE, ATtMospHERE, Drarnine, Herat, and 
AccLIMATATION OF ANIMALS. 
CLIMBERS, or Cutmpina-Prants. Plants 
which have not sufficient strength in themselves 
to assume and maintain an erect position, and 
which attach their stems and branches, by means 
of lateral roots, imperfect petioles, and other pe- 
culiar organs, to trees, walls, or other steady 
objects for support. Familiar examples of these 
plants are the ivy, the vine, and the clematis. A 
common and very pleasing method of cultivating 
ornamental climbers, is to train them upon trel- 
lises. See the article Treus. 
CLINOPODIUM. See Basin (Wit). 
CLINTONIA. Two very beautiful and recently 
discovered hardy annual plants, of the lobelia 
tribe. They differ from true lobelias, principally 
in the circumstance of their long filiform ovari- 
um bursting longitudinally; and they have been 
made a new genus, with the specific names ele- 
gans and pulchella. They were introduced to 
Britain, the former from Columbia in 1827, and 
the latter from California in 1832; and they 
have already become well diffused and great fa- 
vourites. Both have a height of about 6 or 8 
inches; and the elegans has blue flowers,—the 
pulchella, a combination of blue, white, and yel- 
low. Buta variety of the latter is characteristi- 
cally white-flowered, and has obtained the name 
CLOTHES-MOTH. 
CLIPPING. See Suenp-SHEarine. 
CLIPS. Portions of the upper edge of a horse- 
shoe, so beaten out and turned up as to lay hold 
of the lower part of the crust, and strengthen the 
attachment of the shoe to the foot. They relieve 
the crust from injurious pressure upon the nails, 
and, in certain cases, prevent the shoe from being 
torn off. 
CLITORIA. A genus of tender, ornamental, 
twining plants, of the lotus division of the legu- 
minous family. The winged-leaved species, C. 
ternatea, was introduced to Britain from India in 
1739. Its stems are herbaceous and twining like 
those of the kidney-bean, and usually rise to the 
height of 4 or 5 feet; its leaves are alternate, 
beautifully green, and consist each of three or 
four pairs of folioles and a terminating odd one; 
its flowers are papilionaceous, broad, open, very 
large, and so formed that the bottom part seems 
as if growing to the top; and its pods are long 
and slender, and contain kidney-shaped seeds. 
The flowers of one variety have a deep blue col- 
our, and those of another are white; and so 
powerfully coloured are the former that, after 
being dried and kept for years, they will convey 
to paper a stain almost as deep as indigo, The 
roots of this species are used in. India as an 
emetic, and the seeds as an anthelmintic and a 
gentle aperient.—The bright scarlet species, Cli- 
toria fulgens, is a native of rocky places in the 
Organ mountains of Brazil; and, as grown in 
Britain, it requires a warm greenhouse, and 
seems adapted to trellis training in a pot. Its 
flowers have a glowing scarlet colour, are pro- 
duced in axillary clusters, and appear in June. 
—About a dozen other species have been intro- 
duced, and several more are known. 
CLOCKS. A very general provincial name for 
beetles. See Brrrzes. 
CLOD. A lump of any kind of soil. 
CLOD-CRUSHER. See Roer. 
CLOGS. Billets of wood; also, wooden-soled 
shoes. 
CLOTHES-MOTH,—scientifically Zinea tapet- 
zella. A well-known, mischievous insect, of the 
lepidopterous order. Its wings measure 8 or 9 
lines from tip to tip; the upper pair are, from 
the base to the middle, very dark brown or nearly | 
black,—and, beyond the middle, white but indis- 
tinctly marked with brown spots; its lower wings 
are ash-grey, with long and silky fringe; its body 
and legs are black; its head is white; and its 
antennze are slender, and taper in the manner of 
bristles. The caterpillar is soft and white ; its 
head is brown; its body is beset with a few scat- 
tered hairs; and its legs are very short and wart- 
like. The eggs of the moth are usually deposited 
on woollen cloth; and the caterpillars obtain 
thence both food and materials for a sort of man- 
tle or tubular covering to their body. Each cater- 
pillar, almost immediately after issuing from the 
egg, begins to move forward upon the cloth, ina 
direct or tortuous line, and to shear, with its 
