CORY MB. 
rooted, pink-flowered inhabitant of British groves, 
growing 6 or 8 inches high, blooming from Feb- 
ruary till May, and having a large solid root and 
an appearance somewhat like that of the hollow- 
rooted species.—About twenty other species have 
been brought to Britain, principally from Siberia 
and continental Europe; and nearly one-half of 
these are tuberous-rooted, while most of the re- 
mainder are either annuals or biennials. 
CORYLUS. See Nuv-Trez, Hazen, and Fit- 
BERT, 
CORYMB. Such a collection of flowers, in 
natural inflorescence, as produces, from pedun- 
cles of various lengths, a level floral surface like 
that ofan umbel. All the peduncles stand upon 
a common longitudinal axis; but the longest are 
produced farthest down, the shortest are produced 
farthest up, and the others are produced at in- 
termediate distances. A familiar example of a 
corymb occurs in the inflorescence of the moun- 
tain ash. Plants which produce their flowers in 
coryinbs are said to be corymbiferous. 
CORYNEPHORUS. See Crus-Grass. 
CORYPHA. See Fan-Paum. 
CORYZA. Inflammation of the nostrils, and 
mucous, excoriating, fetid, or purulent discharge 
from the nose, unaccompanied by cough, or by 
inflammation of the fauces. It naturally pro- 
duces catarrh, is very frequently accompanied by 
it, and springs from the same causes; yet in cat- 
tle and sheep, it sometimes occurs alone, and it 
should then be promptly met by suitable reme- 
dies to prevent it from running into catarrh. A 
mash at night and two or three doses of cooling 
medicine will generally cure it in a cow or an 
ox. See the article CaTarra. 
COSH. The sheath or empty pod of pease and 
beans, and the husks or chaff of oats and wheat. 
COSMEA. A genus of ornamental plants, of 
the sunflower division of the composite order. 
Hight species were introduced to Britain between 
1798 and 1836; seven of these were from Mexi- 
co, and one from South America; seven are an- 
nuals, and one is a tuberous-rooted perennial ; 
three have respectively pink, purple, and white 
flowers, and four have yellow flowers; all take 
their name of cosmea or “the handsome,” from 
the fine appearance of their flowers; two of the 
annual species, the sulphur-flowered and the 
small-flowered, combine hardiness with beauty, 
and three are placed by some botanists in the 
elegant genus coreopsis. A more recently intro- 
duced species, Cosmea tenuifolra, carries lilac-col- 
oured flowers, and now figures in the catalogues 
of the seedsmen. 
COSSART, or Cossut. A lamb, a calf, or a foal 
which is abandoned by its dam before it can shift 
for itself, or which, in consequence of belonging 
to a twin or triad birth, cannot receive such a por- 
tion of her care as is necessary for its nurturement. 
COSTA. See Riss. 
COSTIVENESS. An undue retention of the 
feeces in animals, or a morbid and comparatively 
COSTIVENKESS. 
873 
inactive state of the intestinal canal. Occasional 
instances of this disease, as distinguished from 
habitual ones, are more properly designated con- 
stipation. Some of the causes of constipation in 
horses are violent and hard exercise, especially in 
hot weather, a long course of comparative inac- 
tivity in ordinary weather, and the prolonged 
use of hard meat without grass or other cleansing 
diet. The proper treatment of constipation in 
horses, Blaine pronounces to be, “ First, back 
rake; next, throw up a laxative clyster; and 
then proceed to give a purgative by the mouth, 
milder or stronger according to circumstances.” 
But the treatment of constipation in cattle, 
in consequence of the long and elaborate course 
of digestion which intervenes between the mouth 
and the seat of the disorder, is much more diffi- 
cult. The best method seems to be to adminis- 
ter Epsom salts in a series of moderate or mini- 
mum doses, and in combination with aromatics 
or cordials, such as ginger and caraway, giving 
a& minimum quantity of the stimulant with the 
first dose, and increasing the quantity with the 
second dose or with subsequent doses according 
to the exigencies of the case. Constipation in a 
cow has been known to continue unrelaxed dur- 
ing eight days; and it ought, in every instance, 
to be attacked with judicious dose after dose till 
it gives way. Mr. Youatt very wisely remarks, 
in reference to the necessity for using cordials in 
cases of obstinate constipation in cattle: “ There 
is something in the structure of cattle which 
renders certain medical rules and principles alto- 
gether inapplicable, and which, in defiance of 
all fever, occasionally compels us to mingle strange 
doses of aromatics and stimulants with the very 
means by which we are endeavouring to subdue 
inflammation.” 
Constipation, occasioned by coagulation of 
milk in the abomasum, and by the consequent 
distension and obstruction of that stomach, some- 
times occurs in calves of a few days old; and, 
though this is often incurable, it may, in many 
instances, be cured by means of successive doses 
of hot solution of Epsom salts administered with 
the stomach-pump,—the first dose consisting of 
two ounces of the salts in two or three quarts of 
warm water, and the subsequent doses consisting | 
each of one ounce of the salts and two quarts of 
warm water, and being administered at intervals 
of six hours till the constipation gives way. But 
prevention is far more important than cure, and 
may easily be effected by not allowing the calves 
to suck too much milk at a time, or to suck a 
cow whose milk is somewhat old, or to feed upon 
the indiscriminate or promiscuous new milk of 
the dairy.—Constipation, caused by a rapid or 
sudden change from such fluid and emollient 
food as gruel to such hard, dry, and stimulating 
food as hay, sometimes occurs in calves of two 
or three months old; and, in this case, it is at- 
tended by an overworking and overloading of 
the manyplies with the hard fibrous food, and 
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