30 BULLETIN OF THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. 
For a tabular statement of observations on the amount of flour ob- 
tained from wheat, as recorded by different authorities, see Lawes and 
Gilbert’s pamphlet ‘‘On some Points in the Composition of Wheat- 
Grain, its Products in the Mill, and Bread,” London, 1857, p. 42. 
From the analyses of Fiirstenberg (Journal fiir praktische Chemie, 
1844, 31, 195), of Poggiale (Comptes-Rendus, 1853, 37, 174), Oude- 
mans (MJulder’s Scheikundige Verhandelingen, as cited below), and von 
Bibra (in his Die Getreide Arten und das Brod, Niirnberg, ‘1861, 
p. 217), it appears that the carbohydrates in bran include from 
twenty-two to twenty-nine per cent of starch, and from five and a 
half to eight and a half per cent of dextrin. The proportion of sugar 
in bran appears to be very small. Millon (Annales de chimie et de 
physique, 1849, 26, 34) says there is not more than two per cent of 
sugar, and Poggiale says 1.91 per cent. Fiirstenberg declares that he 
could detect no sugar in wheat bran of excellent quality, and reports 
that investigations made in Mitscherlich’s laboratory led to negative 
results like his own. Oudemans does not admit.its presence, but v. 
- Bibra reports four and one third per cent of sugar. 
For the sake of comparison I have collected and tabulated upon the 
opposite page a number of analyses of European brans, made by va- 
rious chemists. | 
These foreign analyses seem to have been made by processes similar 
to those employed in this laboratory, excepting in some points of de- 
tail. Thus, with the exception of analyses Nos. IV., [X., and XIII., the 
item ash” probably refers in all cases, as it certainly does in most, 
to “crude ashes” contaminated with particles of carbon, such as is 
usually left when a vegetable substance rich in phosphates is ignited. 
In the American shorts the mean percentage of such crude ash, ob- 
tained after careful and long-continued ignition, was 5.23. The 
amount of carbonic acid in this crude ash was always exceedingly 
small. Sometimes the amount was hardly appreciable. 
The item “cellulose” evidently refers to cellulose contaminated 
with a certain amount of inorganic material. This remark is true, not 
only of analysis No. IV., as appears from Bahr and Wolff’s description 
of their process, but probably of all the other analyses. In the deter- 
minations of Millon, who used chlorhydric acid for estimating cellu- 
lose, and in those of Peligot, who used sulphuric acid of some consid- 
erable strength, the proportion of ash left in the cellulose may have 
