BULLETIN OF THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. 363 
food should be given in connection with it, in order that its compo- 
nents may be properly utilized by the animals. It is not surprising, 
therefore, that so many doubts and uncertainties should have prevailed 
hitherto with regard to the fodder value of this fruit. 
It is true that a number of analyses of apples, and of other kinds 
of fruits, made several years since by Fresenius,* have been cited by 
Professor Johnson, in his work entitled “ How Crops Grow,” New 
York, 1868, pages 592, 393; but the purpose of these analyses, the 
manner in which they were made, and the way in which the results 
are stated, were all so unlike the purpose and methods which apply 
to the usual analyses of foddering materials, that it was not easy to 
contrast | Fresenius’s results with those obtained by the chemists who 
have made analyses of hay, grain, roots, and the like. 
With the view of obtaining data which should enable any one to 
translate the results of Fresenius into the usual language of agricul- 
tural chemists, I have had made the following analyses of the flesh 
and skin of apples, and of the residue, known as pomace, which is left 
in the cider-press after the juice of the apples has been squeezed out, — 
all according to the method now in common use, as cited on page 26 
of this Bulletin. 
I. Flesh of the common red “ Baldwin” apple of New England. 
The apples taken for analysis grew upon a gravel knoll about half a 
mile from the Bussey Institution. They were of medium size, sound, 
and fair, had been carefully stored, and were in excellent condition 
when subjected to analysis in the middle of February, 1875. Both the 
skins and cores of the fruit were rejected in preparing the sample for 
analysis. 
II. Flesh of the common Roxbury russet. The fruit grew in 
Jamaica Plain in the immediate vicinity of the Bussey Institution. 
The apples taken for analysis were large, fair, and in excellent condi- 
tion. The skins and cores were carefully removed, and only the flesh 
proper was taken for the analysis. : 
Ill. Parings of the Baldwin apples described in No. I. The 
* “ Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie,” 1857, 101. 219. 
T Itis but fair, however, to say that the comparison has been made, and that 
very justly, by Professor Alexander Miller, in his chart entitled, ‘“ Die che- 
mische Zusammensetzung der Nahrungsmittel und Futterstoffe.” Dresden: 
1861. 
