BULLETIN OF THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. 365 
‘6 It; III. EV. V. 
Baldwin. Russet. Baldwin. Russet. Pomace. 
Flesh. Flesh. Skin. Skin. 
Water (ati1i0°C.). .. 84.11 82.22 71 60 69.93 7.21 
Ash free from C & CO,) 0.23 0.26 0 45 0.53 0.50 
mipamugeias . . 4 fs 0.21 0.27 1.00 1.08 0.98 
Carbohydrates (including 
ees ss + « 14.64 16.30 21.58 23.44 17.41 
Cellulose (free from ash) . 0.91 0.95 5.37 ar 3OL02 3.90 
100 00 100.00 100.00 
Dry organic matter . . 15.66 17.52 27.95 29.54 22.29 
Fat (7.e., ether extract) . 0.28*(?) 0.53* 2.27 a ral 1.70 
Nitrogen . - - . » 0,032 —0.035 0.043 — 0.043 0.158 — 0.162 0.168 — 0.177 0.155 —0.159 
SIGIR fe) ss wo 0.26 0.31 059 0.68 0.51t 
The results of these analyses agree closely with those of previous 
observers, in so far as the latter admit of being compared with them. 
Thus, in respect to water, Schulze ¢ found the following percentages 
in as many different kinds of entire apples from Rostock, in the north 
of Germany: 86.45,— 86.55, — 85.56, — 85.16, — 86.62, — 85.97, — 
84:34, — 83.59, — 82.59, — 87.07, — 80.52, — 84.69, — 78.90, — 
84.30, — 86.27, — 83.72, — 85.94, — 84.13, — 84.63, — 85.52, and 
84.30. The maximum of dry substance found by Schulze in any 
one kind of apple was 21.10%, and the minimum 12.93. Wolff § 
found 83.58, — 83.06, — 82.76, — 83.75, — 85.97, — 85.95, — 86.27, 
* It is not probable that the apparent difference between the amounts of 
“fat” in the flesh of russet and Baldwin apples, as stated above, is based upon 
any real dissimilarity in the amounts of this constituent in the two varieties of 
the fruit. The discrepancy in the table is doubtless due to the fact that different 
analytical methods were employed in the two cases for the estimation of the 
ether extract. During the treatment of the dried apple flesh with ether, it was 
noticed, in both instances, that a considerable quantity of a reddish substance 
separated from the extract before the latter was evaporated. This precipitate 
was so little soluble in cold ether that it was at first thought to be insoluble, 
and was purposely removed for the most part from the ether extract obtained 
from the flesh of Baldwin apples. But since it appeared afterwards that the 
substance could be dissolved by the long-continued action of ether at the ordi- 
nary temperature, applied in successive portions, it was thought best to weigh 
it with the rest of the ether extract in the analysis of the russet flesh. 
It should be said, in general, that the dried ethereal extracts, obtained both 
from apple-flesh and from apple-skin, are of peculiar appearance. They evidently 
contain much resin and wax, as well as fat. They are friable, for the most 
part, and they do not melt at the temperature of boiling brine. When heated 
on platinum foil they burn like a mixture of fat and resin. 
t Another determination gave 0.55% of crude ash. 
t “Journal fiir praktische Chemie,” 1854, 62. 213. 
§ Cited in Henneberg & Kraut’s “ Jahresbericht fiir 1855, 1856,” pp. 177, 178. 
