372 BULLETIN OF THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. 
except in so far as it may be made useful for mulching, is clearly a 
correct opinion. ° 
In respect to the fodder value of pomace it may be said to resemble 
that of apples, on the whole, and to demand the same kinds of addi- 
tions. Since the proportion of albuminoids in pomace, though higher 
than in the apple, is still very low, there is manifest need of mixing 
with the pomace some kind of highly nitrogenized food, such as fish- 
scrap (as was said before) and fleshmeal that have been prepared 
expressly for feeding animals. It cannot be too strongly insisted that 
both these materials are intrinsically much too valuable to be used 
directly as manure. There can hardly be room to doubt that it would be 
much more advantageous for all parties concerned if both the fish and 
the flesh were prepared and used as cattle food. It is to be observed, 
however, that pomace is a decidedly coarser kind of food than apples, 
and that it is consequently less generally applicable than the latter. 
It would seem, nevertheless, to have a distinct and definite value as 
fodder, and to be well worth the trouble of saving for that purpose. 
It would be interesting to determine by actual trial whether, beside 
the ordinary method of drying, a process of preservation which is 
largely employed in Europe for keeping a variety of soft and juicy 
materials, and particularly those which cannot easily be dried, might 
not be available for the preservation of pomace. The so-called 
“sour hay” or “sour fodder,’ which results from the process of 
incipient fermentation now in question, may be made from the refuse 
of potato-starch works, from the residue of the sugar-beet root after 
the juice has been expressed, from frozen potatoes or other roots, as 
well as from beet leaves, fodder corn, and other succulent herbage. 
The trouble of preparation is small; the sour fodder is greedily eaten 
by cattle, and it may be kept even until spring without harm. 
The small amount of nitrogen and of ash in the apple shows how 
little an orchard of this fruit would tend to exhaust the land, provided 
the conditions were such that the leaves falling from the trees could 
be retained upon the ground beneath. An analysis of apple ash, by 
Richardson, cited on page 208 of this Bulletin, shows that a thousand 
pounds of fresh apples would carry off no more than eight-tenths of 
a pound of potash and one-third of a pound of phosphoric acid. 
