412 BULLETIN OF THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. 
and stems is in many places covered with a gummy deposit, presum- 
ably of insect, certainly not of fungus, origin. On this gum, the fun- 
gus grows luxuriantly ; and, although it may be found on those parts 
of the leaves where no gum can be seen, yet it is evident that it has_ 
reached such places by growing from the gummy spots. Of the origin 
of the gum, other than that it does not come from the fungus, we have 
no theory of our own to advance. Remains of insects are abundant 
on the leaves; but, being entirely ignorant of entomology, we cannot 
say what their relation is to the diseased trees. It may be that they 
are stray visitors caught in the gum. The fungus grows most luxuri- 
antly on the remains of insects which I have seen, which, in some 
cases, present a ludicrous spectacle, the hyphe projecting from them 
like the quills of a hedgehog. 
It has often been asserted by botanists that fungi, of the group to 
which ours belongs, are particularly inclined to attack trees which 
have been previously infested with insects. In 1849, Berkeley, in the 
London Journal of Horticulture, described a fungus occurring in 
Ceylon on coffee, — Triposporium Gardneri, — which followed the ap- 
pearance of a species of coccus which was described in the same jour- 
nal by Mr. George Gardner. In their paper on moulds referred to 
Fumago, Berkeley and Desmazieres make the following statement: 
“They are often, if not always, preceded by honey-dew, whether 
arising from aphides, or from a sugary excretion from the leaves 
themselves. Frequently, too, they are accompanied by some species 
of coccus, especially in the genus Citrus.” Tulasne * does not agree 
with the writers just mentioned, as will be seen by the reference. He 
begins his description of Fumago salicina, however, with the follow- 
ing words: “ Initio fungillus e membranula constat tenuissima, alba 
et hyalina, matricique vive instar gummi soluti illitus beret, quamvis 
* Quibusdam observatoribus visum est Fumagines in fructicibus potissimum 
provenire quos aphides primum occupassent, tamquam si ex humore dulci quem 
bestiole istze emittunt, aut ex latice viscido quem matrix ab iis lesa copiosum 
aliquando stillat, suum pabulum traherent; necessitates autem hujus modi 
duplici de causa minime verisimiles censemus. Hine enim sexcenties nobis con- 
tigit /umagines luxuriantes videre in arboribus, omnis aphidum generis prorsus 
expertibus ; illine /'umagines vere parasitari constat, succis scilicet alienis uti ex 
his vivis. Super hoc argumento conferas tamen que attulit Berkelzeus in tomo 
iv. (1849) Ephemeridis Soc. Hortic. Londinensium, nee non Georgio Gardner 
commentatiunculam ibidem (pp. 1-6) editam circa the Coflee-bug and Coffee- 
mildew. (Carp. Fung,., ii. p. 280.) 
