466 
Penicillium crustaceum, or blue mould 
on food, figure of, 333. 
Perisporiacee, list of species of, found 
near Boston, 437. 
Peronospora effusa, description of, 428 
Peronospora’ gangliformis, or lettuce 
mould, 328, 337 ; is acommon species in 
New England, 425; description of, 427. 
Peronospora infestans, causes the potato 
rot, 319; description of, 322, 426; fig- 
ure of, 321; does little harm in dry 
seasons, 323; is more easily affected by 
moisture than the potato plant, 323; 
odspores of, 425; steals food from the 
cells of the potato plant, 322; is sup- 
posed to grow only upon the potato and 
allied plants, 326. 
Peronospora nivea, description of, 426; is 
found on a geranium in Massachusetts, 
426. 
Peronospora parasitica, description of, 428; 
is not common in this country, 425. 
Peronospora viticola, causes disease on 
grape-vines, 416; closely resembles P. 
nivea, of Unger, 424; is common on 
New England grape-vines, 416 ; conidia 
of, 418; description of, 427; description 
of the vine disease which it causes, 417 ; 
germination of the conidia of, 419 ; haus- 
toria of, resemble those of Cystopus 
candidus, 417 ; does little or no harm to 
the out-of-door grape crop in New Eng- 
land, but perhaps good, 422; may be 
made to grow on European vines, 422 ; 
might do harm in Central Europe, 423 ; 
odspores of, 421; its presence on grape- 
leaves does not protect them from Oidium 
Tuckeri, 423; is tolerant of dryness, 
417. 
Peronospora Schleideniana, is injurious to 
onions, 428. 
Peronosporeex, list of species found near 
Boston, 432; are more abundant in Cen- 
tral Europe than in the United States, 
425; synopsis of those of the United 
States, 426. 
Phacidiacei, list of species of, found near 
Boston, 438. 
Phoma, the genus, so called, is a secondary 
form of some Ascomycetous fungus, 
415. 
Phosphatic manures, analyses of, 8, 170, 
185, 191; field experiments with, 84, 
90, 107, 119, 138, 143, 188; are of little 
or no use, by themselves, on Bussey 
Plain-tield, 143; utility of using mix- 
tures of the several varieties, 308. 
Phosphoric acid, amount of, contained in 
the ashes of woody plants, 207 ; appears 
to be less needed by New England soils 
than potash, 144, 155; average amount 
in wood-ashes, 191; in bran, 39; in 
leached ashes, 202; loss of, in burning 
of wood, 199; method of estimating, in > 
ashes, 195; price of, in England and 
Germany, 179; reduced or reverted, so 
called, 20; valuation of, 17, 180, 185. 
Phosphates of lime, see Phosphatic Ma- 
nures and Phosphoric Acid. 
BULLETIN OF THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. 
Phosphide of iron, formation of, 201. 
Physiology, a knowledge of, is important 
for the farmer, 286. 
Pink mould, on plum-trees, 445. 
Pithing, meaning of the term, 42. 
Pit-sand, from Bussey Plain-field, growth 
of buckwheat in, 56, 61; is as good as 
coal-ashes, 56, 58. 
Plain-field of the Bussey Institution, de- 
scription of, 80. 
Plant-food, the nitrogen in vegetable 
mould, considered as, 252; utilization 
of that naturally contained in the soil, 
169. 
Plates, explanation of, 454. 
Plowright, C. B., his views as to the sys- 
yg position of Spheria morbosa, 
47. 
Plum-stones, composition of, 373. 
Plum-trees, the disease of, called black 
knot, 440, 444, makes them rare in 
New England, 440. 
Pogy-chum, see Fish-serap. 
Pomace, from cider-making, analysis of, 
364, 367 ; fodder value of, 372; has little 
or no value as manure, 371; the ques- 
tion whether it might not be kept as sour 
fodder, 372. 
Pond mud, analyses of, 16, 135. 
Potash, abounds in- certain European 
soils, 160, 184, 270; amounts contained 
in ashes of woody plants, 207; amount 
coptained in a nitrogenized superphos- 
phate that had been charged with fish- 
scrap, 163 ; average amount, in wood- 
ashes, 191, 198, in leached ashes, 203; 
method of estimating in ashes, 195; 
needed by New England soils, 155; 
needed by soil of Bussey Plain-field, 
115, 127, 155; price of the pound of, 
185, 379; solutions of, diffuse faster 
than those of soda, 392; valuation of, 
185, 379. ; 
Potash compounds, see Potassic Fertil- 
1zers. . 
Potashes, amounts of crude, obtained from 
the wood of various trees, 207; a cheap 
manure, 391; manufacture of, in Amer- 
ica, 395, in Germany, 394; sources of 
American, 395; as a standard of the 
value of the alkali power in ashes, 391. 
Potassic fertilizers, analyses of, 378; cost 
of, 185, 378; field experiments with, 83, 
88, 92, 106, 108, 119, 140, 143, 315; good 
effects of, on soil of Bussey Plain-field 
and elsewhere, 88, 89, 102, 115, 141, 
163, 314, 386; less needed in some parts 
of Europe than in New England, 159, 
160, 184, 270; much needed in New 
England, 158, 184; the question of using 
mixtures of the several varieties, 308; 
the reason why low-grade potash salts 
have been shipped to America, 380. 
peer chloride, see Muriate of Pot- 
ash. 
Potato, field experiments with, 138; fod- 
der value of, compared with that of the 
apple, 369; risk of growing on wet land, 
335 ; reason why the early kinds are 
