under glass and outdoors. 
that crop depends on the needs of the grower. 
only approximate. 
COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA 
TIME TO SOW AND PLANT 
The exact date of starting this or 
Our table is 
JANUARY 
Acacia 
Begonia, bedding 
Asparagus P. & §S. 
Cleveland Cherry 
Acrolinium, Anemone 
Cyperus 
Calendula, Candytuft 
Blue Lace Flower 
Cucumbers, forcing 
Centaurea 
Christmas Pepper 
Cobaea, Cornflowers 
Cineraria Candidissima 
Dracanea 
Erysinum 
Gerbera, Godetia 
Grewillea 
Gypsophyla Elegans 
Helichrysum, Heliotrope 
Hunnemania 
Ipomea 
Lettuce, Larkspur 
Lobelia, Lupin annual 
Maurandia, Mignonette 
Moonvine 
Nemesia, Nigella 
Pansy for late bloom 
Petunia Double 
Perennials to pot up 
Perilla, Poppies 
Primula 
Phiox Drummondi 
Radish, forcing 
Salvia, Saponaria 
Schizanthus, Shamrock 
Smilax, Snapdragon 
Stocks for May bloom 
Sweet Peas 
Thunbergia 
Tomatoes, forcing 
Torenia 
Verbena, Vinca 
Wallflower 
FEBRUARY 
Abronia, Abutilon 
Acroclinium, Agrostis 
Ageratum, Agathea 
Alyssum Amaranthus 
Antirhinum Alonsoa 
Arctotis 
Asparagus 
Aster early var. 
Begonia, Bellis 
Bleeding Hearts in pots 
Brachycome, Browallia 
Calandula, Celosia 
Canary Bird Vine 
Centaurea Calceoalaria 
Christmas Pepper 
Cineraria foliage 
Clarkia, Cleveland Cherry 
Cobaea, Coleus 
Crepis Cucumbers 
Cyperus 
Dahlia, Delphinium 
Dimorphoteca 
Dusty Miller, Dracanea 
Echium, Egg plant 
Erysimum 
Eupatorium 
Gerbera 
Gladiola, Godetia 
Gypsophyla Elegans 
Heliotropium 
Ice Plant 
Kochia 
Lantana, Maurandia 
Linaria Cymbolaria 
Matricaria 
Mesembryanthemum 
Mimulus 
Mimosa Pudica 
Myosotis 
Nemesia, Nemophyla 
Pansy, Pennisetum 
Nigella, Nierembergia 
Nolana 
Perilla, Petunias 
Perennials 
Primula Chin 
Pyrethrum G. F. 
Rhodante, Ricinus 
Sarpiglosis, Salvia 
Saponaria, Schizanthus 
Shasta Daisy, Smilax 
Snapdragon, Statice 
Stevia Stipa 
Stephanophysum 
Sweet Peas 
Tomato for heavy pot 
Plants 
Verbena, Vinca 
Wallflower, Zinnia 
MARCH 
Acroclinium, Agathea 
Ageratum, Agrostis 
Alonsoa, Alyssum 
Antirrhinum, Arctotis 
Asters 
Balsam, Barberry 
Begona, Bellis 
Blue Lace Flower 
Brachycome 
Browallia 
Calceoalaria 
Candytuft 
Campanula, Candytuft 
Canary Bird V. 
Cabbage, Calliopsis 
Start Caladium 
Start Cannas 
Centaurea 
Christmas Pepper 
Cauliflower, Celery 
Cinnamon bits. 
Celosia, Crepis 
Cucumbers to force 
Carnation, Clarkia 
Cleveland Cherry, Cobaea 
Cyperus 
Dahlia tubers to make 
cuttings 
Dimorphonteca 
Dolichos, Dracanea 
Dusty Miller 
Echium, Egg Plant 
Eustoma, Erysimum 
Hardy ferns to be 
potted for spring 
sales. 
Genista, Gladioli 
Hunnemania 
Impatiens 
Larkspur 
Leptosiphon, Lobelia 
Marigold, Matricaria 
Maurandia, Mimulus 
Mimosa Pudica 
Myosotis 
Nasturtium, Nemesia 
Nemophyla, Nolana 
Nierembergia 
Parsley 
Poppy annual 
Ricinus 
Salvia, Salpiglosis 
Saponaria, Scabiosa 
Schtizanthus 
Shasta Daisy 
Snapdragon 
Stephanophysum 
Stipa, Smilax 
Stocks, Sweet Peas 
Tomatoes 
Thunbergia, Torenta 
Start Tuberoses 
Viscaria 
Xeranthemum 
Zinnia 
APRIL 
Acroclinium 
Ageratum, Alyssum 
Ampelopsis 
Antirrhinum, Asters 
Balsam, Barberry 
Bellis, Blue Lace F. 
Calendula, Celosia 
Canary Bird V. 
Centaurea, Clarkia 
Cinerarla, Cobea 
Conifers, Cornflower 
Cinnamon V. Bits. 
Coleas, Cynoglosum 
Helichrysum 
Heliopsis 
Hunnemania 
Gyp. Elegans 
Gladioli, Gentista 
Lathyrus Latifolius 
Larkspur, Lobelia 
Leptosiphon a 
Marigold, Matricaria 
Mulbarry 
Petunia single sorts 
Poppy Oriental 
Primula 
Poppy Shirley 
Salvia, Saponaria 
Scabiosa, Smilax 
Schizanthus, Shamrock 
Snapdragon 
Verbena, Viola 
Viscaria 
Wallflower, Wistaria 
Xeranthemium 
Zinnia and other an- 
nuals. 
Thunbergia 
Thermopsis 
MAY 
Ampelopsis 
Annuals all kinds 
Asters 
Biennials all kinds 
Campanula 
Cinnamon Vine 
Lathyrus Latifolius 
Mulberry 
Cineraria 
Centaurea Americana 
Nolana 
Gladioli 
Gyp. Flegans 
Heliopsis 
Plant Dahlias 
Perennials 
Scabiosa Japonica 
Xeranthemum 
Saintpaulia 
Saponarila 
Thermopsis 
Viola, Viscaria 
Wallflower, Wistaria 
Zinnia 
Conifers 
Poppy Oriental 
JUNE 
Annuals 
Calceoalaria 
Candytuft 
euaion for late bloom- 
ng. 
Gypsophyla Elegans 
Lupin, Perennials 
Saintpaulia 
Thermopsis 
Trachymene 
Wallflower 
JULY 
Antirrhinum 
Annuals 
Calceoalaria 
Calliopsis, Cineraria 
Cyclamen 
Gladioli for late bloom 
Grevillea 
Gyp. Elegans 
Hunnemania 
Myosotis 
Prim. Malacoides 
Perennials 
Saponaria 
Wallflower 
Poppy Iceland 
AUGUST 
Anemone, Asparagus 
Begonia, Bellis 
Browallia 
Calendula, Cineraria 
Calceoalaria 
Clarkia, Cyclamen 
Grevillea 
Linaria Lupin 
Lobelia Card. 
Mignonette Myosotis 
Nemesia 
Pansy, Primulas 
Physalis Fran. 
Perennials 
Ranunculus 
Stephanophysum 
Sweet Peas 
Trollius 
Wallflower 
Poppy Iceland 
SEPTEMBER 
Achillea, Alyssum 
Asparagus 
Begonia, Bellis 
Blue Lace Flower 
Browallia 
Calendula, Carnation 
Calceoalaria 
Cineraria, Clarkia 
Cyclamen, Cyperus 
Cynoglosum 
Delphinium 
Gaillardia annual 
Lettuce, TAnarla 
Lobelia Card, Lupin 
Mignonette 
Myosotis 
Oxalis 
Pansy, Petunia 
Physalis, Plant Iris 
Plant peonies and 
perennials 
Salpiglosis 
Schizanthus 
Snapdragon 
Stocks, Sweet Peas 
Sow perenials in 
frames 
OCTOBER 
Achillea, Asparagus 
Begonia, Bellis 
Browallia 
Calendula, 
Calceoalaria 
Cineraria, Clarkia 
Cleveland Cherry 
re ape 
clamen, Cyperus 
Delphinium 
Doronicum, Dracanea 
Gaillardia annual 
Ligustrum, Lupin 
Linaria, Lettuce 
Oxalis 
Pansy, Petunia 
Pentstemon 
Perennials 
Schizanthus, Smilax 
Snapdragon 
Statice, Stocks 
Sweet Peas 
Vinca 
NOVEMBER 
Antirrhinum 
Ageratum 
Asparagus P. & S. 
Begonia 
Ss 
Calendula, Clarkia 
Calceoalaria 
Carnation 
Cineraria, Cyclamen 
Cleveland Cherry 
Delphinium 
Doronicum, Dianthus 
Dracanea 
Gillia, Gloxinia 
Larkspur, Lettuce 
Liatris outdoors 
Linaria, Lupin 
Mignonette, Myosotis 
Nierembergia 
Pentstemon, Pansy 
Petunia, Double 
Primula 
Perennials, outd. 
Schizanthus, Smilax 
Snapdragon, Stocks 
Sweet Peas 
Trollius 
Radish, forcing 
Vinca 
DECEMBER 
Alyssum 
Asparagus 
Begonia Tuberous 
Bellis 
Start Bleeding Hearts 
in pots 
Browallia 
Calendula, Calliopsis 
Centaurea, Clarkia 
Cleveland Cherry 
Cobea, Coleus 
Cornflower, Candytuft 
Chrysanthemum 
Cyclamen, Cyperus 
Delphinium 
Dimorphoteca 
Doronicum, Dracanea 
Gloxinia, Godetia 
Gyp, Elegans 
Gomphrena, Grevillea 
Hunnemania 
Ipomesa 
Kalanchoe 
Larkspur, Linaria 
Lilium Formosanum 
Lobelia, Lupin 
Moonvine, Myosotis 
Nierembergia 
Pansy, Perennials 
Phlox Drummondi 
Primula 
Pot up Glads 
Pyrethrum Aureum 
Salvia, Scabiosa 
Schizanthus, Smilax 
Snapdragon, Statice 
Streptocrapus, Stocks 
Sweet Peas, Shamrock 
Thunbergia, Torenia 
Verbena, Vinca 
61 
PERENNIALS FROM SEED 
As a rule it takes a perennial some time to “come up.” 
Certain perennials like phlox, dictamnus, trollius, etc., are 
especially slow in coming up. But once up, they are in this 
world to stay for many years. Other perennials, are of a 
quick growing nature. The seed sprouts readily and speedily 
a flowering plant is developed. This is very gratifying to us 
gardeners but the thing has a reverse side, namely that these 
easily raised plants take their departure from this world as 
easily as it was to raise them. So if a perennial is slow in 
coming up, if you have to wait long for the bloom do not mind 
it, as you will be rewarded by the plant’s longevity. The slow 
grower will stay with you, will be easy to transplant, and 
when you sell a plant, it will grow for your customer, he will 
be satisfied and you will do more business with him and his 
friends. 
Certain perennials raised from seed, when in bloom for 
the first time, do not come anywhere near the mark. They 
were described as gorgeous, as magnificent, but they do not 
look that way to you at first. These belong to a class that do 
not show their beauty at first, but they will later, when two or 
three years old and well established. Some of these are won- 
derful if left undisturbed long enough. Therefore, to judge a 
perennial too soon, would not be fair in these cases. 
Many perennials are described as perfectly hardy, yet you 
have lost them, they winter-kill. Perennials will winter-kill 
if the plants are young, in their first year of development, and 
not given protection. But given a light covering of straw, 
hay or other coarse material the first winter, will from then 
on, survive any amount of cold and unfavorable winter con- 
ditions. Make it a rule to protect seedling perennials over 
winter. Once established most perennials need no protection 
whatever. 
Sow the seed of perennials in an open frame. The ad- 
vantages of sowing in an open frame are: You can flood the 
frame with water, thereby getting the most of watering, the 
seed will stay in the frame, heavy rains cannot wash out and 
carry the seed away. If you are sowing during summer and 
sow in frames, you can easily shade your sowings with lath 
or burlap, you can keep out birds, cats, that do damage to open 
seed beds. If you are a beginner, do not expect ANY peren- 
nial to come as fast as a radish and if you will fail to get a 
stand, before you put the blame on the seed, ask yourself 
whether there might not have been some other cause. You 
will meet with the least amount of failure, if you will cover 
the seeds properly, not too much and as lightly as possible 
when the seed is small or light like statice, heuchera, etc., if 
you will keep your seed bed moist and during summer shaded 
with lath, burlap or muslin. 
EARLY IN NOVEMBER just before the time when heavy 
frosts are due, you can sow the seed of perennials outdoors. 
The seed will lay unsprouted till spring and will germinate 
very easily in the spring, long before the ground is ready to 
work. You will get better plants that way, bloom sooner and 
save yourself lots of watering. The following list of flowers 
both perennial and annual are flowers which in our experi- 
ence extending over many years NEVER failed to come up in 
the spring when sown late in the fall. 
Aconitum, Ageratum, Alyssum, Anchusa, Anthemis, Antirrhinum, 
Aster hardy, Balsam, Calendula, Calliopsis, Candytuft, Centaurea, 
Clarkia, Clematis Paniculata, Coreopsis, Cosmos, Datura, Dianthus, 
Dictamnus, Dimorphoteca, Hrysimum, Eschscholtzia, Buphorbia, Gail- 
lardia, Gomphrena, Gypsophyla, Hesperis, Hunnemannia Larkspur, 
Linaria,. Linum, Liatris, Lupin, Mignonette, Nemophila, Nicotiana, 
Nigella, Pansy, Petunia, bedding, single flowering varieties only, 
Phlox both annual and perennial,, Poppy, Portulaca, Pyrethrum Ro- 
seum, Pyrethrum Aureum, Pentstemon, hardy perennial varieties, Rud- 
beckia, Salvia Farinacea and Salvia Azurea Grandiflora, Sanvitalia, 
Saponaria, Schizanthus, Sweet Peas, Sweet Violet. Scabosia Caucasica, 
Seabiosa Fisheri, Shamrock, Statice Dumosa, Latifolia, Sareptana and 
Suvorowi, Trollius, Viola, Viscaria and Verbena Venosa. Clematis 
Paniculata, Dictamnus, Phlox Decussata, Sweet Violet and Trollius 
are flowers of which the seed MUST go through frost before it will 
sprout and the seeds of these should be sown in the Fall. 
