a. - NATURAL HISTORY. 
They feem to be excrefcences upon the root where they prodiice thei? 
young, which at firft are evidently real infects, having fmall, and fome- 
what longith flattith bodies, which confit of feveral fegments ; and 
they have fix legs, which are fhort and flender, and two fine feelers: 
they are alfo of a purple colour, but not fo deep as that of the parent. 
When thefe are grown to their full fize, they fix themfelves to the root 
of the plant, and appear as above defcribed: the young ones are bred 
in the cafe or fkins of the old ones, after they are dead: the male is @ 
flie with two wings, as in the kinds already mentioned. 
The Polifh Cochineal is a fort of Kermes found at the roots of the tree 
ealled Polonian knawel, which are full of a purple juice, and worms 
of the fame colour: this plant is very common in the Ukraia, efpecially 
in the moft defart places. The Armenians and the Turks dye the wool, 
filk, and hair therewith, as well as the manes and tails of their horfes. 
Thefe infeéts are placed by Linneus in the number of thofe with half 
wings, that have the mouth placed in the:breaft, and the belly hairy 
below ; however it is only the male that has wings. 
The Gall Infe&s are bred in a fort of bodies, adhering to a kind of 
oak in Afa, which differ with regard to their colour, fize, roughness 
fmoothuefs, and fhape, and which we call galls: they are.not fruit as 
fome have imagined, but preternatural tumors, owing to the wounds 
given to the buds, leaves, and twigs of the tree, by a kind of infeéts 
wherein they breed and lay their eggs. When the Galls are ripe and 
opened while frefh, a fort of worms are found therein, fometimes oney 
and fometimes more, near the center in cells, which after fome time 
turn to flies: they make themfelves a paflage out, by eating the fub- 
ftance of the gall, and making a round hole therein, they get abroad 
and fly away. However we do not meet with any author that has 
given a minute defcription of them. 
The green ftove Bug is a fmall infe& of an oval flat fhape, whick 
firmly adheres to the bark or leaves of trees: the back ts a little pro- 
minent, and its belly hollowed ; and the forepart is blunt, but that be- 
hind forked. It appears in a kind of thell or covering, which inclofes 
the body of the infeét; it has fix very flender legs, and the eyes fmal 
and black, and the feelers very flender. It ts of a greenifh colour, and 
can thruft out its legs at pleafure, fometimes moving about though 
flowly ; however it generally adheres to the leaf of the tree, continuing 
in the fame place, and fucking out the juice. The male is a fmall fies 
and not nearly fo big as the female, having a flender oblong body, and 
long legs: the feelers are fhort, and the wings white. The female is 
common here in England, on the orange and lemon trees preferved’ it 
floves in green-houfes ; and is probably the fame which Linneus calls 
the Coccus of the citron tree, or the fhielded Loufe. 
The water Coccus has a body of an oval figure, rounded on the backs 
and flat on the belly ; and its colour is brown. It thrufts out a fort © 
white hairy beard from its hinder part, which is cloven in two, and 
pear it there is placed a blunt tubercle, and towards the other extremity 
another that is blunt. It is common on the leaves of water-plant® 
and fhews its legs but very feldom, which are flender, and fomewhat 
downy. The male is a {mall flie, with filky whitith wings, fpott¢ 
with brown. s 
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