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the young plant developes more strongly, and more branches are produced. Marling is 
advantageous as a lime supply. 
Growth, yield, nutritive value. The stem is usually ascending. If the plants have 
plenty of room, the branches spread along the ground, but if close together, the stems 
become more erect. Thick sowing should therefore be used to get the plants as erect as 
possible. Branches spring out from cne another beneath the ground, interlace with those 
of adjacent plants, and kidney vetch can in this way almost completely cover the ground 
with vegetation. ‘The stems in the air also give off branches and produce a good amount 
of foliage, 
During the first year, simple radical leaves above ground with long petioles are alone 
produced, in the second, the aerial stems bearing compound leaves become developed. If sown 
under a cereal, this plant makes so little headway by the time the cereal is harvested, 
that only under very favourable conditions can the produce be used even for pasture. 
When not depastured, it stands the winter better, and produces more branches. In spring, 
it begins to vegetate about the same time as red clover, but it developes more slowly, 
and flowering is, therefore, somewhat later. 
To obtain two cuttings in a season, the first must be taken before flowering, but if 
only one cutting is to be taken, and the after-growth used as pasture, if is more advan- 
tageous to commence mowing, as practical experience has shewn, when the plant is in full 
flower. In this case, the aftergrowth produces no new stems, but leaves merely. If the 
first cutting is desired later in the season, depasturing can go on in spring, without any 
diminution of the hay crop. 
Hay is made like that of red clover. Great loss may ensue from the falling away of 
the leaves, and from the action of rain. he amount of loss due to rain is shewn by the 
following analyses. In one case, the hay was dried and then housed; in the other, it 
lay in the rain for three weeks. 
According to Beyer, 100 lbs. of the dry substance contained: 
Hay not exposed § Hay exposed to 
to rain. rain. 
Nitrogenous matter ; , 11.9 /o 8.7 °/o 
Fat , : 3.2 /o 1.0 °/o 
Fibre : ‘ , 36.2 °/, 39.9 %o 
Non-nitrogenous extractives. ; 42.6 °/o 45.7 °/o 
Mineral matter. ’ ; 6.1 °/o 4.7 °/o 
100 °/o 100 °/o 
It is thus clear, that rain causes considerable loss of nitrogenous matler and fat — the most valuable 
constituents of the fodder, 
The yield of hay varies according to the soil, Werner obtained from a pure sowing made on 
a good sandy loam, containing marl from 5280 to 8800 lbs. per acre = 48 to 80 ewl.; from a light, 
calcareous, good sand 3520 to 5280 Ibs. = 32 to 48 cwl.; from a poor sandy and silicious soil from 
1760 to 2640 Ibs. = 16 to 24 cwl.; on an average 3960 lbs. = 36 cwl. per acre. Langethal reckons 
that from 2640 to 3520 lbs, == 24 to 32 cwl. represents the yield, Schulze-Sammenthin, from a soil 
of the worst kind, obtained 2400 lbs. = 419 ecwt. and from a better, class soil 4400 Ibs. —= 40 ewt. 
Growth. 
Development. 
Harvest, 
Yield. 
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