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Marling and applications of liquid drainings of dung heaps are surprisingly beneficial. 
The nitrogen and potash in the liquid are absorbed by the superficial soil, and thus placed 
at the disposal of the clover roots. At the same time, the liquid usually contains a large 
number of white clover seeds. These germinate and develope new plants, an application of 
liquid manure is therefore equivalent to a slight sowing of seed. 
The residue, left in a barrel which had held such liquid manure, was examined by Stebler. One th. 
of it when dried was found to contain 5370 seeds of white clover, germinating 62 °/o. The effect 
produced by liquid manure is then not entirely due to the nutritive substances which it adds to the soil, 
but largely to the addition of seed, and consequently of new plants. It is very easy to understand how 
seeds come to be present in liquid manure, lay, especially from the second mowing, often contains 
many heads of white clover, which are in seed, When used as fodder, some of these seeds are digested, 
but the greater number of them pass with the excrements, and thus their presence in the liquid 
manure is accounted for. The seeds can remain for weeks in the liquid without injury, because the 
skin of while clover seed does not readily allow water to enter. 
If the soil is rich, an application of gypsum acts beneficially. On poor land gypsum can have no 
action. If the surface layer has been exhausted by a cereal crop, any while clover succeeding it is 
imperfectly developed and the yield is small. 
Irrigation. Irrigation succeeds when the land Is well drained. 
Growth. Growth, yield, nutritive value. The parent stem sends out creeping branches. ‘These, 
in turn, again branch, and at intervals give off roots. In very dry, stiff, or poor soils, 
the branches remain exceedingly short, and the whole growth of the plant is stunted. If 
the conditions are suitable, the branches become long and extend in all directions. In this 
way, a large surface of eround is very soon covered. 
Development. If the plant has not been sown with a cereal crop, full development is attained in 
the first year. Flowering commences early In spring about the month of May; but for 
the most part white clover comes into flower later than red clover. The former should, 
accordingly, be mown later than red. 
White clover contains a large quantity of water; consequently, when dried and made 
Harvesting. 
into hay, it goes into small bulk. It is even more difficult to dry than red clover, but 
the leaflets do not fall away so readily. 
Pasture. White clover is generally used as a pasture plant, and that is always the case when 
it is grown by itself. As pasture it is excellent, it stands frequent depasturing better than 
any other kind of clover, is readily eaten by stock, and is not so liable to cause swelling 
as red clover. Depasturing 1s commenced in spring, as soon as the clover covers the ground 
sufficiently to allow a good bite. The pasture remains good till autumn. 
Yield. Lobbes states that in Holland five acres of white clover pasture can carry seven milch cows. It 
is not as suitable for mowing because of its low stature (not over 2 ft.) Block estimates that an acre 
will yield, on an average, 41580 Ibs. of hay, and pasturage equivalent to 528 lbs, of hay, making a 
total equivalent to 2408 Ibs. of hay; and that four such harvests may be obtained in five years. On 
a light soil, the average yield is 1760 Ibs., but, on a good soil, 2640 lbs. of hay per acre may be 
obtained. Langethal estimates the yield as only one third less than that of red clover. Guido Krajfft 
reckons the yield as varying between 1672 and 2640 lbs. of hay per acre: 
Notwithstanding the large percentage of water in the green fodder, the nutritive 
value of white clover is very high, because the parts used consist of leaves, leaf stalks, 
and peduncles, not stems. 
