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It occurs wild in good meadows. The abundance of the clover may be regarded as a rough 
indication of the fertility of the land. It also grows on roadsides, the borders of fields, grassy spots in 
woods and in pastures. 
Limits On the Alps and Pyrennees, the alpine variety ascends to a height of 8200 feet and in Southern 
of altitude. Spain to 9800 ft. On the mountainous districts of southern and central Germany, cultivation is carried 
on at altitudes exceeding 3300 ft. 
Climate. In spring, red clover is very sensitive to dry cold. It loves moisture and heat in 
April, May and June. It can be grown with advantage in all wheat producing regions, 
as well as in a lower zone than spring wheats. During snowless winters many plants are 
uprooted by the alternate freezing and thawing of the ground and perish from this cause. 
This effect is most pronounced on soils which are loose, shallow and rich in humus. In 
such cases, thorough rolling is advantageous and counteracts the effect of the frost. 
Soil. So far as mere soil is concerned, red clover is not so particular as lucerne or sain- 
foin. Its root-system does not descend so deep and, therefore, the nature of the subsoil 
is of less importance. It thrives best on marls which are rich in humus, as well as on 
damp, fertile loams and clays containing a little lime. As a rule it thrives better in heavy 
than in light soils. The stiffest clays, when properly tilled, can grow it, but, in no case, 
should stagnant water be present. A loamy sand, sufficiently moist and rich in humus, 
is appropriate for clover growing. Dry sands, hot calcareous sdils, as well as moor- 
land and marshy grounds are unfavourable. By stiffening the former with clay and liming 
or marling the latter, such soils may be rendered capable of carrying clover, 
On loose, spongy soils and on mountain slopes, watered by springs, it is liable to be 
destroyed in winter, being uprooted by alternate freezing and thawing; on sands and on fields 
too much exposed to sun, it suffers from drought; and on poor land it becomes stunted 
and thin. 
If the subsoil is ferruginous or ochreous, it will not grow; if rocky and impervious 
to water and the soil thin, not a plant is produced. 
To satisfy its requirements, the soil must be still, humid, rich and contain some 
marl or lime: the soil must be neither wet, nor sandy and liable to drought, nor thin, 
nor ochreous. nor impoverished by the preceding crop. 
Substances 1000 Ibs. of ved clover remove from the soil: — 
removed from Nitrogen. . . . ADS Tbs. inte se oe oe aR Ks: 
the soil. Phosphoric acid. 5.6 ,, Mupnesia . . & “Gl oy 
Potisly” tc... a at. tates 3 Sulphurie acid... 1.77, 
SHUN WA ks bse ke Wise ee Althea 
Manure. ted clover succeeds only in good fertile soil, During growth, no manure except 
gypsum is ordinarily applied. 
Gypsum is sulphate of lime, or calcium sulphate, and when pure is composed of: 
Sulphuric acid. , 46.51 °/o 
Lime ’ ; 32.56 °/s 
Water , 20.93 %/o 
Gypsum is commonly used as it comes from the quarry i. e. unburnt. I[t is pulverised and scattered 
on the clover about the end of April or the beginning of May, at a time when the weather is moist 
and warm. From 3 to 5 cwl. per acre may be used. The effect of gypsum depends upon the nature 
of the soil, the weather and the climate. On a poor soil there, is no effect because gypsum acts 
