Mixtures. 
Explanation 
of plate. 
> - 
122 
Dogstail is only sown by itself for the purpose of obtaining pure seed and, at times, 
for forming permanent lawns. It is very well adapted for the latter purpose since it forms 
a low and complete sward of compact grass when thickly sown. In mixtures it is used 
to form bottom grass either in pasture or hay. It is very suitable for permanent grass- 
land. It ean also be used in alternate husbandry for leys of 4 or 6 years. In a pasture 
it is self-multiplying; its seeds reach maturity, fall off and form new plants, 
XXIV. Red clover. 
Trifolium pratense, lL. 
Fig, A. Part of a plant in flower. 
1. Complete flower, side-view. 
, 2 Longitudinal section of a flower, 
, 3. Flower seen from the longer surface. 
h. Flower after removal of the standard, seen from the upper surface. 
. 5. The wing showing the claw and appendage. 
, 6. The pistil. 
. #. the frut. 
8, Broad side of the seed. 
9, Edge of the seed, showing the hilum. 
Red clover is biennial or perennial. The primary stem always remains quite short and bears a 
rosette of radical leaves, bul never flowers. 
The secondary branches spring from the axils of the radical leaves; they are ascending from 12 
to 20 inches high, and either glabrous or pubescent with compressed down. Each of those branches 
bears leaves (cauline) along its sides, and at the apex is a flower-head. Tertiary branches also, terminated 
by flower-heads, are often formed, 
The leaves are compound and ternate. The radical leaves have longer petioles than the others. 
The uppermost pair of leaves on a branch is placed immediately beneath the terminal head of 
flowers, so as to form a kind of involucre. The flower-head of Trifolium sativum (see under varieties) 
is separated from the uppermost leaf - pair by a short stalk. The J/eaflets are ovale, the margin is 
almost entire and bordered by fine hairs. The stipules are membranous, traversed by green yeins and 
adnate to the petiole; the free apex is triangular and sharply prolonged into an awn-like process. 
The flower-head (capitulum) is spherical or ovate, usually solitary, sometimes paired; immediately 
beneath is placed the pair of modified foliage-leaves already referred to as forming a kind of involucre. 
The calyx (figs. 1, 3, 4) is sparsely hairy, and greyish green; the tube is ten-ribbed; from ils 
apex spring five filiform teeth, the inferior (fig. 3) twice as long as the others. The corolla is reddish 
purple, rarely white: ils basal portion unites with the base of the nine lower stamens to form a tube 
Y to 10 mm. long. The free portion of the standard (figs. | to 3) is very broad and springs from 
the upper lateral part of the tube. Its base overlaps all the other petals (fig. 3). The free portion of 
the keel (figs. 1 to 4) is a deep spoon-like structure (fig. 4), which contains the stamens; it is a pro- 
longation of the lower portion of the tube. The wings (figs. 1 to 5) are attached to the tube by a 
slender claw (fig. 5); beyond the claw, each wing becomes broad and sends out a process (fig. 5) which 
is directed backwards and over the keel, so as to grip it firmly (figs. 2 and 4), The nine cohering - 
stamens, remain united as a stamen-tube for a short distance after they become free from the corolla. 
ase 
