Habitat. 
Limits of 
altitude, 
Climate. 
Soil. 
Substances 
removed from 
the soil. 
Manure. 
Growth. 
Development. 
Harvest. 
Yield. 
112 
In Germany, it is common on sunny exposures, on roadsides and fields, on dry sunny mountain 
pastures and especially prevalent on the calcareous soils of the Jura. 
It does not occur at very high altitudes (Lowerz 1600 ft.) On the Bavarian Alps it ascends to 
2400 ft. and al Tallisch to 7200 ft. 
In favourable situations, upright brome is not inconvenienced by intense heat, but it 
cannot bear moisture. It is not sensitive to cold, but shade destroys it. 
As noticed above, it succeeds best in calcareous soils. It also thrives quite well on 
soils which are dry, if they are somewhat stiff and calcareous, On loose sandy soils it 
is out of place. 
1000 Ibs. of hay, cut on the 5 of June while in flower, from a dry exposed situation, contained: 
Nitrogen. . . . 14.3 Ibs, Magnesia . . . 1.9 Ibs. 
Phosphoric acid . 6.8 ,, Lams: in ee ee. 
Poise” - . of 1 PARE Sulphuric acid. . 4.8. ,, 
S04? pean 8 See Jee ee a Silica 4" Se Ae eee 
According to Way and Ogston, 1000 Ibs. of hay contain: 
Phosphoric acid . 3,4 Ibs. Lie... «. . o  4Absibe 
Pete. V 3L24 20s Sulphuric acid. . 24 ,, 
Slt Se Re ees SiNGdoed ee ily ot om 
Magnesia. . . . 2,2 Ibs. 
According to Demoor, the amount of nitrogen is 5.8 per 1000. Malaguti and Durocher also 
analysed this grass; they do not state the proportion of ash, so that it is impossible to calculate 
the composition of the hay. 
The composition of the ash is; 
Phosphoric acid . 9.98 °/o Lime. > 24 ee are 
Potash . . » » 43.25 %6 Sulphuric acid . . 2.22 °/o 
Soda. . « Sse A S288 Silita-, 2 9 & 2 “BGO Ye 
Magnesia. . . . 3.71 %/o Oxide of Iron . . 8.99 °/o 
Chiorine” + 4-5, 4042 %e 
The remarks on the manuring of sheep’s fescue also apply here. On soils which are 
poor in lime, marling is advantageous. 
Growth, yield, nutritive value. Upright brome forms small, compact tufts. The culms 
(1 to 3 feet high) are not numerous. Both culms and leaves are somewhat hard. The tufts 
being compact cannot form a complete sward., 
If sown in spring the produce of culms for that year is small; full development is 
reached only in the second year. Growing as it does in situations exposed to sun, it shoots 
early in spring and comes into flower about the end of May or the beginning of June. 
It should, if possible, be cut before flowering, because soon after it becomes hard and 
withered, and the nutritive value diminishes. In the second cutting, there are usually 
no culms, only leaves. When used as a pasture grass, it should be treated like sheep’s 
fescue. Leaves are produced in abundance and are readily eaten by stock. 
According to Sinclair, 100 lbs. of grass, cut when in flower, gave 45 Ibs, of hay; according to 
Vianne and Demoor, 42 Ibs. At the time of flowering, Sinclair obtained 58419 |bs, of hay per acre 
from a rich sandy soil. Demoor obtained 7,480 Ibs, and Vianne, from a well manured soil which was 
sandy, calcareous and poor, 7,080 Ibs., the first cutting, and an aftermath about one-fourth as great, 
