Mixtures. 
Explanation 
of plate. 
Botanical 
description. 
48 
For this reason, it should be used only in mixtures with other grasses. It cannot pro- 
fitably be used for short leys, as its seed is too costly, and the produce too small. On 
the other hand it is very appropriate for permanent grass-lands, and in mixtures for such, 
if the soil is suitable, it should always be represented. 
VII. Yorkshire fog. 
Holecus lanatus, \. 
Fig. A. Two entire plants; the panicle lo the left bemg taken before flowering, the panicle to 
the right during flowering. 
1. Spikelet in flower, side-view. 
2. The same, with the glumes and stamens removed. 
, 3. Upper pale and lodicules of the hermaphrodite flower, side-view. 
, 4 The same with the stigmas, seen from the front. 
5. Pistil of the hermaphrodite flower, 
6. Rudimentary pistil of the barren flower. 
,» 7. Spikelet in fruit 7. ¢, False fruit. 
,  §. The same, with the glumes removed, shewing the axis of the spikelet, the lower fertile 
flower, and the upper barren flower. 
. 9. The fertile flower with the lower pale removed. 
10. The fertile flower, ventral surface. 
. Alt. Caryopsis, side-view, shewing the embryo at the base, 
13. Diagram of the two-flowered spikelet. 
, 414. Portion of the culm with leaf-sheath, blade and ligule. 
, 15. Transverse section of the leaf-blade, shewing the ribs and the hair. 
~ 
Yorkshire fog forms tufts of grass which stand well out of the ground and form cushions, Those 
branches which are extravaginal ascend almost directly above ground, and there produce partial tufts. 
The whole tuft is composed of these partial tufts lymg over one another, and compacted together, In 
this way, the projecting cushions of grass are formed. The sheaths of the radical leaves are some- 
what red, especially the veins, and by this character the grass may often be recognised, The culms 
are 18—36 inches high, erect, and hairy beneath the nodes. The /eaf-sheaths and blades are clothed with 
soft hair, which gives a greyish-green colour to the whole plant (fig. A). The /igule is short and ob- 
tuse (fig. 14). The blade is finely ribbed on the upper surface (fig. 15). The inflorescence is a panicle ; 
whilst young contracted and with a reddish tinge, but, on flowering, the branches become spread (fig, A). 
The spikelets are two-flowered, The lower flower is hermaphrodite and awnless, the upper male and 
awned (figs. 2 and 13), Rarely, 3 flowers occur in a spikelet; then one is hermaphrodite, and two 
are male. The glumes are two, and of a white colour, often slightly tinged with red towards the apex ; 
under the lens they appear dotted (fig. 7). The lower glume is smaller than the other and one-ribbed 
(figs. 1, 7, 13); the upper is three-ribbed (figs. 1, 7, 13); both are compressed and have ciliated keels ; 
at its apex, the seel is prolonged so as to form a small awn-like point or mucro. At first, the axis of 
the spikelet (fig. 2. 8) runs horizontally towards the upper glumes; it then curves upwards and is con- 
tinued by a vertical prolongation to the base of the male flower. At the end of the curve lies the her- 
maphrodite flower with a tuft of hairs (half as long as the pales) at its base, Although the internodes 
of the axis are long, the pales are comparatively short, so thal the glumes completely cover them (fig. 4. 7.) 
The lower pale (figs. 1, 2, 8, 10, 13) of both flowers is ribless, white, shining, and rounded at the apex. 
