43 
and Cocksfoot come forward and produce their culms. The distinction then between »fenasse« 
and »petit fromental« consists only in the larger percentage of Bromes and chaff in the former. 
At Herisau in Switzerland, a machine has lately been devised for the purpose of eliminating im- Cleaning the 
purities. The smaller seeds of False oat-grass itself are also separated. The following analyses show seed. 
the results obtained by this machine: — 
False Meadow Yellow Bromus 
oat-grass Cocksfoot Fescue oat-grass erectus Holcus Weeds. Chaff. 
*/o °/o °/o °/o °/o %Fo 
Uncleaned seed 44.4 8.6 2.9 0.6 13.0 2.9 
Cleaned seed 835.1 0.35 0.9 0.3 Shs oar 
Rye brome (Bromus secalinus, L.) 
which has been cleaned from cereals, es- 
pecially Rye, is sometimes used as an 
adulterant. The seed of Rye brome (fig. 18) 
is readily detected. It is not round like 
False oat-grass, but has a distinct inner 
and outer surface; the inner is concave, 
the outer, rounded. The caryopsis is 
large, and loosely attached between the 
pales. The outer pale is seven-ribbed, 
and its midrib is usually prolonged into 
a short awn. The inner pale has bristle- 
like hairs along the margins. 
The Darnel (Loliwm temulentum, L.) 
will usually be found when the clea- 
nings of Rye are used as adulterants. 
The seed of Darnel (fig. 19) is thick and 
swollen, and 5 or6 mm. long; the outer 
Fig. 18. pale has a long apical awn. A few Rye Darnel, 
s] - : r y 1 y Ht. iF 
paper Brome erase, seeds will usually be found; as they are “own femulentum, bs 
Bromus secalinus, L. Ate tant ey sone afte False fruit, a. dorsal suriace 
False fruit, a b, natural size. POlMted, some pass through the sieves Fe CateaL MUTERCO SST 
és dh. >< 8. with the cleanings. c. natural size. 
Seed and amounts to be sown. The average purity, calculated from 250 anal)ses 1S Seed quality. 
65.8 %o and the germinating power, 638 °%o. Good commercial seed should, however have a 
purity of 70 %, and a germinating power of 70 °/o = 49 °/o of pure and germinating seed. 
The Bromes should not exceed 10 %/o. 1 Ib. of pure seed contains 159,000 grains. The 
weight per bushel is about 10 lbs. 
An acre of ground requires 70 lbs. of seed containing 49 °/o pure and germinating Amount of 
— 34.3 Ibs. of pure and germinating seed. The price of seed per lb. being about 4d. to seed per acre. 
sow an acre will cost about 23 shillings for seed. 
False oat-grass, because of its large seed, and the robust seedling which it produces, Sowing. 
can be sown deeper than other grasses. The most suitable depth is 1 inch im a moist soil, 
and 1!/2—2 inches in a dry one. Spring is the most favorable seed-time ; but in countries 
where the early summer is dry, it may with advantage be sown in September. Since the 
root system penetrates deeply, the plant succeeds best in deep ground where the roots have 
full scope. The produce diminishes as the soil becomes thinner and firmer. 
Adulterations. 
