It succeeds best on warm, moist soils, 
moist loamy sands, or on good calcareous loz 
to great perfection, and gives splendid produ 
also thrives very well, if the subsoil is por 
the produce is smaller. On poor sand, or a 
Sprengel *) states that it can be cultivated on h 
berally supplied with farmyard manure. 
1000 Ibs. of Italian rye-grass hay remove 
Nitrogen 20.8 Ibs. 
Phosphoric acid Ha ales 
Potash etal. 
Soda 3.4 
.) 
According to Karmrodt’s experiments, Ite 
and more nitrogen, than perennial rye-grass. 
No other grass repays manuring so well 
fitable. Dickinson obtained 8 or 9 crops of h 
with a clayey subsoil. The total yield was 2 
The average produce of 7 cuttings was 154| 
Dickinson reckoned the nutritive value as equ 
liquid manures, other agriculturists more esp; 
vellous produce.**) 
The liquid manure is led by a set of pipes, fr 
fermentation goes on. Before using, it is diluted 
tanks are generally used; the one receives the fresh 
From these tanks, iron pipes, laid at a depth of ¢ 
pipes are arranged so thal every part of the field n 
hydrants are set up. Hose connected with these 
driven through the tubes either by its own hydrost 
gements are very costly, they give good results. Aft 
liquid are distributed to each acre. Often, however, 
ures; these are washed into the soil by the liquid. 
such as Chili saltpetre, bone-meal, or sulphate of al 
At Hofwyl, Fellenberg, without the undergrout 
ordinary way, took 8 mowings. The liquid used = 
obtained by frequent distribution of very dilute liqui 
On a light soil with a warm exposure, I 
tion; this is well exemplified in the case of f 
70°%/o of the whole herbage is Italian rye-gras 
be mown 5, 6, or even 8 times in a year. 
studied in the neighbourhood of Milan: — tl 
almost perfect: the soil is a loam, rich in hy 
the climate also adds to the fertility. 
*) Dr Karl Sprengel. Meine Erfahrungen im Gebiete 
Leipzig 1850. 
**) Dr. Eduard Hartstein. Die fliissige Diingung und 
culture« in Encyclopedia Britannica, ninth edition. 
nece 
| Suppose 10 per cent. assigned to it. 
ssary Gata are: 7 a 
1. The purity and germination of the seeds to be used. 
This information is given by the seedsman, or the matter 
can be tested by the consulting botanists of the various 
Agricultural Societies. 2. The amount of pure and germi- 
nating seed necessary to cover an acre with each kind of 
grass or clover ; on which head complete information is 
given in Table 1. of the Appendix to Stebler’s Best Forage 
Plants (London : Nutt). 
The method can be explained in the fewest words. 
Suppose an acre is to be laid down to permanent grass. 
The most suitable plants are first selected. To each is 
assigned a percentage indicating the proportion of the 
acre which it is desirable that it should cover. This done; 
any school-boy can finish ; for all that remains is to caleu- 
late the amounts of seed corresponding to the percentages 
to be covered. Take perennial rye-grass as an example, and 
Turning to Stebler’s 
tables, you find that 58 Ibs. of pure and germinating seed 
are wanted per acre of rye-grass, and you perceive that to 
cover 10 per cent. requires, therefore, 5:8 lbs. But the 
quality of rye-grass seed at disposal is (say) 71 per cent., 
which means that only 71 per cent. of the seed to be actu- 
ally used is pure and germinating. 8°1 Ibs. of seed of this 
quality represent 5-8 lbs. which is pure and germinating. 
Accordingly, to cover 10 per cent. with rye-grass requires 
81 lbs. of seed whose quality is 71 per cent. ; the cal- 
culation for this species is now complete ; and nothing 
remains but to determine the amounts of the other 
constituents in exactly the same way. 
These calculations, paltry as they are, can be reduced 
to the proportions of a sum in simple division, if a similar 
table to No. 1. in the Appendix to Stebler is used. It 
would be advisable for seedsmen and Farmers’ Supply 
Associations to provide a table of the kind indicated, and 
calculated for the special qualities of seed which they 
have on sale. To show how useful this would be, there 
follows here a complete example of Stebler’s method of 
construction calculated from his second table: 
PERMANENT Mixture For A Mepium Sol. 
Additional Seed=50 per Cent. 
Percentage Quality Amount 
NAME OF SPECIES. of Ground to of of 
be Covered. Seed. Seed. 
Per Cent. Lbs. 
Red clover, ; 5 8 I 
Alsike clover, . F 4 5 73 I 
White clover, . a® i 10 74 15 
vi Meadow fescue, 13 71 Io 
“” | Cocksfoot, | fe) 53 5+ 
© | Meadow foxtail, ‘ 8 27 2¥ 
© |} Smooth-stalked = mea- 
= dow grass, . 4 ite) 48 24 
= | Rough-stalked meadow 
= grass, . ; 4 45 If 
5 Golden oat- _grass, . ‘ 4 16 13 
a, \Crested dogstail, 4 54 Is 
Timothy, 13 87 3 
False oat-grass, 2 49 2 
Italian rye-grass, 2 67 13 
Perennial rye-grass, Io 71 8 
100 433 
oil. 
nure. 
ration. 
