13 
The first and second methods of making hay are often combined. When the season is unfavou- 
rable, the partially dried hay is formed into round cocks, of variable size, and as compact as possible. 
In this way, less rain has access to the hay. Suppose that the rainfall during the day is 2 inches i.e. 
7260 cubic feet of water per acre. If the hay is spread out so as to cover the whole ground, 7260 cubic 
feet of water pass through it, and thereby a large amount of nutriment is washed out and lost. If the 
hay is in cock, it covers say only ‘/so part of the whole ground. Only 145 cubic feet of water 
touch it, and the loss of nutriment is consequently 50 times less than before. Wolff states that cold 
water passed through clover hay extracts 25—40 °/o of the dry substance. 100 lbs. of hay, therefore, 
may lose 21—34 lbs. of the dry substance. The following result was obtained at Méckern : 
Hay not exposed to rain 36.41 °/o 
Hay exposed to rain for 14 days 23.4 °/o 
To obtain hay of good quality and high nutritive value, it should be made into cock, whenever 
rain is feared. Under rain, the cocks become heated. The temperature to which the cocks rise depends 
upon the size, the compactness, and the proportion of water in the fodder. In fine weather, the 
cocks are spread out, and the hay very readily dries. As already pointed out, this mode of procedure 
is a combination of drying by the sun and piking (brown hay). It has been in use in Switzerland, 
and other countries, for more than a century. 
3. Air-Dried Hay. Under this head may be placed all those processes in which drying is brought 
about by a current of air. This may be done either by arranging the plants simply on the ground, 
or on wood scaffoldings. When the former plan is used, the plants are cut with the scythe and made 
into sheaves (Fig. 7) similar to those of cereals, After drying for 2—3 days in the swathe, small sheaves 
are formed, with the partially dried plants in the centre. The sheaves are bound, by means of a 
Non-nitrogenous extractives and fat. 
Fig. 7. Sheaf. Fig. 8. Compound sheaf. Fig. 9. Stook, 
few culms, close beneath the inflorescence, and the cut ends placed on the ground (Fig. 7), When the 
plants are cultivated for seed, another kind of sheaf is used, in order to allow the ripening process 
to go on after cutting. In this case, sheaves as thick as the arm are formed; 100 or more of these 
are placed together, so as to form a large compound sheaf (Fig. 8). These are 
allowed to stand from S8—14 days. For Red clover and Lucerne stooks are 
used as in Fig. 9. The plants, after drying somewhat in the swathe, are arranged 
so as to form two long rows, opposite to one another. Sheaves and stooks are 
readily overturned by the wind. When this happens, they must be set upright; 
this often causes much labour. 
In mountainous districts where the heat of the sun is insufficient to 
dry the hay, it is placed, after partial drying, on perches with crossed arms 
(Fig. 10), In this way, the air obtains free access, and the plants are thoroughly 
dried. Because of the difficulty in transporting and fixing the perches in the 
ground, Schwerz has recommended another kind of carrier, It consists of three 
P trestles, bearing three horizontal bars, on which the clover is placed (Fig. 14). 
—— === The best drying apparatus, however, is the pyramid (Fig. 12) which recently has 
Fig. 10. Perch. come into more extended use. Whatever kind of carrier is used, the fodder is 
