354 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL, [1 May, 189s. 
In 1894, 350 acres were under cultivation, and 885 in 1897. In 1894 an@ 
1895 all old land was cultivated, and in 1897 and 1896 mostly new land. 
In 1896 an1 1897 cost of production was increased, because of the dr 
seasons, horsefeed, ploughshares, and seed, all costing more per acre. The 
methods I adopt are to break most of the rules of the average farmer. I don’t 
wait for rain before ploughing old land, and plough new land in the spring. 
Start sowing in March, and do not put bluestone on the seed wheat if sowing 
on dry land. Sow not more than three-quarters of a bushel to the acre ; 30 lb. 
is sufficient if the seed is good. I clean all the seed wheat a second time before 
sowing, and take seed wheat off new and fallowed land only. I use two and 
four furrow ploughs, sow with Massey-Harris seeder and cultivator, and roll 
or harrow the ground after the cultivator according to the state it is in; if not 
too wet, rolling is by far the best method. I am in fayour of stumpjump 
ploughs where heavily timbered land has to be cleared, because the cost of 
clearing is reduced by more than a-half, and my experience is that land 
ploughed with the stumpjump plough will yield quite as much as land culti- 
vated with a set plough. 
With respect to the results of wheat-farming in Queensland we are not 
in a position to give detailed information such as the above, but speaking 
generally of known operations they come out better than many imagine. Wor 
instance, in the Warwick district, we know of one case in which a landed 
proprietor ran a seventy-acre farm on shares with another farmer. The owner 
found the land, some farm implements, such as ploughs, harrows, &e., and 
three horses. The working partner provided seed and all other necessaries, 
When a division was made at the end of the year, the land-owner received 
£150 for his share, after all expenses had been deducted from the proceeds of 
the crops. In 1896 another farmer in the same district rented a farm from a 
proprietor. ‘The rent was fixed at one-fourth of the produce. When the day 
of settlement arrived, the owner received upwards of £100 as his:share of the 
wheat alone, whilst his share of the maize and other crops was an equal amount, 
The area cultivated in this case was sixty acres, and the returns showed a 
profit of nearly £6 15s. per acre. These are facts, and we only regret that 
we cannot give a detailed statement of the total cost of production. 
LIABILITY Of NURSERYMEN. 
Ir is not seldom that we hear complaints made by agriculturists, market 
gardeners, and horticulturists about the quality of the seeds, flowers, and 
trees purchased by them from seedsmen and nurserymen. In perhaps nine 
cases out of ten the fault will be found to lie with the purchaser. Common 
sense will show that it would not be advantageous to any respectable seed ware. 
_ houseman or nurseryman to impose upon his customers by selling old seeds, or 
even a few old seeds mixed with new. Theimposture could last but a very short 
time, as would the delinquent’s trade. A fraud in trees (as instanced in the 
article in last month’s Journal, entitled “ Fruitgrowers, Past and Present ») 
takes longer to bring to light, but there is an old German proverb which says— 
Es ist nichts so fein gesponnen, 
Es kommt doch auf die Sonnen. j 
In plain English this simply means, “Hide a fraud as cleverly as you like, yet 
it will eventually be brought to light.” 
We have not heard of any action ever haying been brought against a seller 
of plants or seeds in these colonies on a question of warranty ; but a case lately 
occurred in England, which, summarised, amounts to this :—An orchid fancier 
sold out his stock of plants, and amongst the orchids described in hig catalogue 
was one which he named or asserted it to be a variety known as the Cattleva 
aclandie alba, with seven bulbs, three leayes—the only known plant. This 
