384: QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 May, 1898, 
CONCLUSIONS. 
1. The districts of Mitchell and Stanthorpe are not, in my opinion, to be 
recommended for viticulture and wine-making. They will raise a good table 
grape if attention be paid to pruning and manuring. 
2. The districts of Roma and Warwick are adapted for viticulture of all 
descriptions. The latter would appear to be very favourably situated for 
making wines of finesse and bouquet. 
3. In the Roma district greater judgment is required in choosing a soil for 
viticulture than has hitherto been exercised in some cases. Good loamy soil is 
much preferable to the sandy ridges. Greater judgment is required in selecting 
vines for wine-making ; a vineyard should be limited to halt-a-dozen varieties 
at most. 
4. In the Toowoomba district care must be taken in selection of soil and 
ehoice of sheltered positions. Here, as in other places, insufficient attention 
is given to pruning and combating disease. 
5. The districts of Roma and Warwick—and perhaps those of Mitchell 
and Stanthorpe—appear to be well adapted for the cultivation of the Cognac 
grape for distillation. A large industry in this respect is growing up in 
Victoria and South Australia, and Queensland should not be backward in 
taking her place in the market. 
6. lo initiate this industry, cuttings of the Folle Blanche grape should 
be obtained and distributed in the above-mentioned districts for propagation, 
&c., under the supervision of competent individuals. 
Reporting on his second visit to the Warwick district, Mr. Rainford 
says :— 
The soil to a considerable distance round Warwick is of two descriptions. 
1. Plains of deep, stiff black soil. 
2. Ridges of reddish sandy loam and gravels, with a subsoil of yellow 
clay, more or less mixed with siliceous particles; the colour of this subsoil 
darkens on exposure to the atmosphere, either by oxidation or other chemical 
change, and may be met, where exposed by the creeks, of varying shades of 
light and dark-brown to black. 1t may be fairly assumed at the black 
_ stiff soils of the flats are the subsoils of strata that have been denuded, and of. 
which the ridges are the existing remains. 
The majority of these red soils are admirably adapted for vine cultivation, 
being deep, easily worked, more or Jess ferruginous in its nature, and well- 
drained; in some places nodules of ironstone are very plentiful, notab] 
between Warwick and Yangan, where the soil assumes very much the nature 
and aspect of that of the Tintara vineyard of Mr. Thos. Hardy, of Adelaide, 
whose wine has a large sale in England, by Messrs. Burgoyne and Co., under 
its original name of Tintara; nor have I any doubt whatever that the Yangan 
soil would produce wine equally good. The acreage of the ridges must be 
very, great, as much of the country for miles round Warwick consists of red 
its and the railway passes through similar ground for many miles on either 
side. 
The density of the must produced on the ridges was tested by me, and found 
to range between 11°5 degrees and 13°5 degrees Baumé, corresponding to from 
20 to 24 per cent. of sugar, which would produce theoretically from 21 to 
26 per cent of proof spirit. In practice, however, the alcoholic strength would 
be rather less, but, after making all reasonable allowance for loss during 
fermentation, &c., it will be seen that the density of the must is such as to 
produce wine having a natural alcoholic strength equal to wines of the Rhine, 
Burgundy, and Hungary. I may add that in some cases the grapes tested 
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