\ 
414: QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 1 May, 1898.] 
Thus it will be seen that for nearly a century sheep and cattle and even 
human beings had been dying by tens of thousands on every occasion of 
drought, whilst under the feet of Australians was lying a supply of water 
equal to the fertilisation of nearly all its dry country, and this in the face of 
the fact that artesian bores had been sunk successfully in Europe, Asia, Africa, 
and America during all this time. 
But Australia has awakened to its possibilities, and all over the land the 
borer is at work, creating running streams where formerly only a parched and 
thirty desert was to be seen. 
By the courtesy of Mr. J. B. Henderson, Hydraulic Engineer in charge: 
of the Water Supply Department, we are able to give our readers some 
illustrations of the most celebrated artesian bores in the colony. The 
incalculable benefit which artesian water has conferred upon the colony can 
searcely be realised or appreciated except by those who have seen the 
marvellous changes in the carrying capacity of sheep and cattle stations 
wrought by this beneficent means. Droughts are shorn of half their terrors so 
far as water is concerned, and settlement is taking place in the way of small 
farming in localities where no man would formerly have dreamt of even 
turning out a horse for a few days in a dry season. 
The water has a considerable high temperature on reaching the surface’ 
often attaining 180 degrees I, but as it flows away for miles along the 
watercourses it becomes cool and refreshing. 
The first illustration (Plate XXX.) represents Bore No.1 on Maxwelton Run, 
in the Burke district, about 100 miles due west of Hughenden, on the Flinders 
River. It is a private bore, and has a total depth of 1,474 feet. The 
continuous daily flow amourts to 1,000,000 galions of a temperature of 126 
degrees l’.. The bore was completed on 9th February, 1892, and steadily pours 
forth its precious fluid without diminution. At the surface the static pressure 
is very considerable, but the pressure per square inch is not stated. 
Charlotte Plains Bore, No. 2 (Richmond), locally known as Cremorne, is 
about 30 miles east of Cunnamulla. This bore was completed in June, 1893, 
and water was struck at 360 feet, when a volume equalling 100,000 gallons per 
day issued forth. This water coming from such a shallow depth is naturally 
cold. 
At a depth of 1,842 feet, Charlotte Plains Bore, No. 2, Cunnamulla 
(Plate XXXI_.), yielded a supply of 2,378,000 gallons daily, of a temperature of 
174 degrees I. 
Clayerton Downs No. 3 Bore (local name, Alicia) (Plate XX XIT.), about 
60 miles S. by W. from Charleville, is 1,819 feet deep, and the continuous daily 
flow is 1,500,000 gallons. As the water issues from the bore it has a temper- 
ature of 124 degrees F. 
“‘Bluebush,” the local name of the No. 2 Bore on Cambridge Downs, on 
the Flinders, 110 miles west from Hughenden, is the subject of our last 
illustration (Plate XX XITI.) This bore, which-was begun in May, 1892, and 
completed in less than a month, yielded a supply of 400,000 gallons per day, at 
the shallow depth of 367 feet. Yet the temperature of the water as it flows 
from the pipe is 93 degrees F. 
The deepest bore in Queensland is at Bimerah, in the Mitchell district. 
Boring was commenced in March, 1895, and by June, 1897, it had been sunk 
to a depth of 5,976 feet. Water was met with between 4,130 and 4,220 feet. 
The continuous daily flow is 25,200 gallons, at a temperature of 178 degrees F’. 
In connection with this bore, Mr. Henderson says that since writing his Annual 
Report for 1897 he had received information that the owner of the bore stated 
the depth at 4,860 feet, and that it is in difficulties, the contractor being 
employed in “ fishing ” to remove obstacles to further boring. 
