8 THE SUBANU. 
10. Subanu of Bolong valley. 16. Subanu of Dipolo valley. 
11. Subanu of Tupilak valley. 17. Subanu of Dinas valley. 
12. Subanu of Bakalan valley. 18. Subanu of Lubukan valley. 
13. Subanu of Lei-Batu valley. 19. Subanu of Labangan valley. 
14. Subanu of Sibugai-Sei valley. 20. Subanu of Mipangi valley. 
15. Subanu of Dumankilas Bay. 
The above localities of Subanu culture are in juxtaposition to a 
variety of other native cultures; the following gives their designations 
and the dialects they use: 
1. Dapitanos, Cebuan-Visaya dialect. 5. Samales, Samal-Sulu-Moro dialect. 
2. Boholanos, Boholan-Visaya dialect. 6. Magindanaos, Magindanao-Moro dialect. 
3. Joloanos, Sulu-Moro dialect. 7. Kalibugans, Kalibugan-Moro dialect. 
4. Zamboangans, Zamboangueno or Taga- | 8. Illanos, Illano-Ranao-Moro dialect closely 
log-Visaya dialect. allied to Magindanao dialect. 
POPULATION. 
No accurate census of the Subanu people has ever been taken. 
The American census of 1903 conducted by General Sanger, U.S. Army, 
under the direction of the Philippine Commission, furnished the fol- 
lowing data for a portion of the Subanu country, the panhandle of 
Mindanao: 
‘shej|sub-districkhiomDapitanha ea ee eee 5,995 
A Hes MaSaInis (SERPs ie eeleiobeies Pea ite Recess cc eis Ve Pe O tite seca MR 3,418 
he ZamboangarsectlementSuenmiei ne sie enna ie enna 13,170 
PLO CA tai ee ae TE AS Se ee IA LA aad Ml ts ON in. (eee a aE 22,583 
The following estimate for 1912 is taken from the records of the 
office of the governor of the District of Zamboanga: 
MunicipalitysotyZamboangaren ee eater seer ei iae 362 
Maunicipality ols Dapitannn ssa son eerie crn iei ar vantages ican 696 
Pribal Ward NOs s2iivas che eile sss mipenite rere oat slay ates ce uns Oa i Ds ee aM 10,895 
MPribal WardiNnong eee eee ee nC an UN ie gNi NAG NE ATEN RR 7,636 
Tribal ward Not arrays senae ee SMU oR CRG eee yaaa naar 9,954 
Tribal sWeandyinias Sis ire ccccdetercias soon cry een eke rae Secale RSD ee aes 4,447 
Tribal Ward! Noz'6 see ee ae BRO EE TN Cee A RR OG 8,521 
Tribalsward (NOs i7.e) eh ee Ne Conn Ue OU ee TES Sia) UUM ROD eae 2,875 
Bukidnon-MisamisistripZee eminence ieee 4,778 
A Day eal Ae ana PS wor iis A yA REMOTE MOR Sy Gita hy 47,164 
In 1897 the Spanish general and governor of Mindanao, Gonzalez 
Parado, submitted an official estimate of the tribal population of Min- 
danao, in which he classifies 16 different tribes of non-Christians and 
places the Subanu population at 70,000. It has been found, however, 
that the Spanish records of population were not prepared with sufficient 
care to insure accuracy, especially in the making of estimates. The 
tendency seemed to be in the direction of exaggeration. 
DISCOVERY HISTORY. 
The first contact of white men with the Subanu was on the north 
coast of Mindanao, near what is now Dapitan, by the Magellan expedi- 
tion on its way southward from Cebu about May 6, 1521, and described 
by Pigafetta as follows: 
