CONSTRUCTION AND LOCATION OF HOUSES. 21 
of a cornucopia; the small end is placed in the mouth when smoking. 
In the absence of corn husks, dried banana leaves or the nipa frond are 
used as wrappers for cigarette smoking. 
When out of native leaf-tobacco, if they can afford the luxury, 
Subanu will purchase, from abulante traders, the famous Chinese hun 
tobacco that so delights the palate of the non-Christians of the Moro 
Province. In order properly to control the importation of this tobacco 
in that province and prevent smuggling, the Legislative Council enacted 
two laws in March and April, 1906, which provide that ‘‘each distrib- 
uting agent shall sell the tobacco delivered to him to Moros and Pagans, 
in quantities of not to exceed ten pounds, to any individual during a 
calendar month for cash, at a price fixed by the District Secretary.”’ 
The Subanu are neither boatmen nor fishermen, and whenever it 
becomes necessary for them to make journeys by water they seek the 
assistance of their Kalibugan relatives who have become coast dwellers, 
or of some friendly Moros or Filipinos. These sea trips are very seldom 
taken and only resorted to in case of emergency or when travel by land 
is impossible. Although vegetarians in their diet, Subanu will eat 
fish, fowl, and the meat of the wild hog and deer when their crops have 
failed or the supplies stored have run low; in some localities in recent 
years they have raised goats and cattle for food, using the latter for 
work also. 
CONSTRUCTION AND LOCATION OF HOUSES. 
With few exceptions the houses of the Subanu are of temporary 
construction, due to their wandering habits, to the kaingin farming, 
and to raids and exploitation by the shore people. Native materials 
are used with no attempt at ornamentation and very little regard for 
personal comfort. No matter what the size, the house consists of but 
one room which may be temporarily subdivided into apartments by 
hanging mats and screens. There are no windows as such. Light is 
admitted by the one or more doorways and through numerous openings 
in the imperfect walls and roof. ‘The floor is elevated above the ground 
from 3 to 30 feet, according to the nature of the soil, the kind of building 
material available, the danger from predatory animals, and the near- 
ness and character of the shore people. ‘The building is supported upon 
numerous poles of varying size, according to the convenience of obtain- 
ing the material. Where a more permanent structure is desired, heavy 
logs are used for uprights. No matter how many doorways may be 
provided, entrance to the house is restricted to one only. This is a 
matter of precaution. Sometimesa pole stairway with steps is provided, 
but usually only a single pole with notches cut in it, which can be used 
conveniently and safely only by a person with bare feet. Boys and 
girls run freely up and down these notched poles; older persons support 
themselves by their hands when on the ladders. Men and women 
