CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITS. 27 
The Subanu do not tattoo, but they have a name for the practice, 
putik or lulik, derived from the Visayans, who are very freely tattooed. 
A peculiar attitude of the males when resting is to lean against 
some support and then raise one foot and place it against the knee of 
the other leg; this position is changed from one leg to the other, so as 
to rest both feet. 
Circumcision, freely practised by the Moros as a religious rite of 
Semitic origin, is rare among the Subanu and is not practised at all by 
the wildest of these tribesmen. Where circumcision is in use among the 
pagan tribes of Mindanao incision is equally in use. Instead of cutting 
the preputium transversely this consists of slitting it longitudinally and 
allowing the skin to fall away on each side and to heal in that position. 
There is no circumcision of women. 
When on land the Subanu always retire from view when defecating 
and are sedulous to bury the excreta, with the idea that the bodily 
refuse is morbific and must be avoided, but with no thought of scato- 
mantic possibility or sympathetic magic. In micturition the squatting 
posture is the rule and girls and adults screen themselves with the cloth- 
ing or retire from view; they wash after the operation. ‘The Moros 
observe the same posture, as ae all of their religion; the Christian Fili- 
pino men stand. 
Cleanliness of body is not a pronounced virtue of the Subanu. 
They do not bathe as do the Moros. The latter, as a tenet of their 
religion, cleanse the body more frequently than any other of the inhabi- 
tants of the southern islands, including the Chinese, Europeans, and 
Americans. While much attention is given by the Moros to bathing 
the body, and especially to certain portions of it, like the Subanu they 
are very neglectful of their clothing, which in many instances is never 
washed. ‘The garments are worn without cleansing until they fall to 
pieces. In this connection it is necessary to keep in mind that, usually, 
the garments used by both Moros and Pagans are few and simple, and 
generally the same for both males and females. The children go naked 
until about ten years of age. The garments of the adult males and 
females consist of trousers, petticoat, jacket, and turban or head-cloth. 
The youth of both sexes wear the same article of dress and, as before 
stated, the children are generally not provided withclothes. The 
women also wear ear ornaments, long strings of colored beads about the 
neck, and brass rings on the lower arms and on the legs below the knee. 
The ears are pierced when children are young, and the hole enlarged 
gradually by wearing a small coil of split bejuco rattan, which tends to 
open out and increase the size of the opening until it will receive a circu- 
lar piece of wood about an inch in diameter. ‘The opening is now 
allowed to collapse and when not used for ornaments is employed to 
hold a newly rolled or partly smoked cigarette or cigar, or some small 
article of frequent use. 
