46 THE SUBANU. 
connection with the critical discussion of his material, I should write a 
further note upon the general theme of the pitfalls which beset the first 
vocabulist when he essays the task of collecting the words of a speech 
hitherto unrecorded. So far as I have been able to discover, this is a 
chapter of practical psychology which has never been written. 
As it must serve as an apology for some of Colonel Finley’s work in 
the field, so must it serve quite as much for errors into which later 
students of this material, now for the first time presented, will discover 
that I have fallen, and with less excuse, since my work has been prose- 
cuted with assistance of library facilities and in conditions which better 
make for effective research. 
These data have been presented for my study in three parcels, each 
of which has entailed a somewhat different method of examination. 
1. The text of Colonel Finley’s geographical and ethnographical 
account of the Subanu, which forms Part I of this work. In this I have 
had to do no more than glean the vocables incidentally occurring in 
the narrative and to check them into their proper places in the vocab- 
ularies already compiled from the two parcels next to be mentioned. 
2. A collection of Subanu words with their English translations, 
written with the pen and covering 27 foolscap folios. ‘This record is of 
the first order, for it is an original record and presents the words just as 
they impressed Colonel Finley’s ear when he collected them from his 
Subanu informants. In several particulars the spelling differs con- 
siderably from that which obtains in the third item and which I have, 
for reasons later to be noted, adopted as the preliminary standard. 
Where this manuscript duplicates an entry in the other record I have 
harmonized the spelling; in all other cases, because of the great value 
which the original record will have for phonetic study, I have refrained 
from altering the spelling. From this source the alphabet acquires the 
letter k, which sound in the other source is uniformly represented by c 
(qu beforee andi). Similarly this collection of words employs g before 
e and 1 where the other collection, following the usage of written Visa- 
yan (in which the Spanish influence of the friars is manifest), employs 
gu. ‘These points will be more fully discussed in the chapter on Subanu 
phonetics; they are mentioned here solely as characterizing this material. 
This manuscript is not continuous; several periods of activity are 
indicated. 
a. The first 148 entries are words and phrases collected at random, 
measures of capacity, names of gods and heroes, a wealth of ethno- 
graphic material which has been transferred to appropriate places in 
Part I, where it more properly belongs than in the vocabulary. 
b. ‘This section is based upon a number of English words arranged 
in alphabetical order with Subanu entries, amounting to 380 items; the 
strict alphabetization is interrupted after the word egg by the interpola- 
tion of 48 items of numeration. ‘This is found to be a standardization 
