56 THE SUBANU. 
That somewhat larger part of the vocabulary which rests upon the 
efforts, such as they are, of the Subanu informant and the Visayan 
muchacho has been brought into conformity with written Visayan. 
That speech was reduced to writing by Spanish missionaries; therefore 
in the dictionary of Fray Juan Félix we find the custom of the Spanish 
alphabet. 
It is unfortunate that we miss the opportunity to correct the variety 
and to present this newly recorded speech in better guise. Yet it is 
really less to be regretted, for in the ordering of this wild community it 
is likely that for a long time to come intercourse with the shy moun- 
taineers will most commonly be conducted through Hispanized Visayan 
intermediaries. 
The following notes-upon the phonetics of the Subanu are supplied 
by my collaborator and are presented without change, for their impor- 
tance is that they are a record at first hand: 
The vowels have generally the Continental | qu before e and i has the value of k as in 
value. Spanish. 
The doublet 00 corresponds to Visayan u. ng has the sound of mg in singer. 
The value of y is always consonantal. ng has the doublet (xgg) sound of mg in finger. 
The c is always hard. ua has the value of wa in waiter. 
The g is always hard. h as in English. 
a has the broad sound as in mar. The vowels e and i are difficult to distinguish 
The frequent termination aan isa dissyllable. in Subanu pronunciation. Sometimes 
aay is a syllable and diphthong. the same difficulty is experienced with 
gu is used before e and i to preserve the hard the vowelsoandu. ‘These four vowels 
sound of g as in Spanish. are not always used in the same manner 
O is sounded as in move. by the same speaker at different times. 
gua as in guano. gh and kh are harsh guttural sounds some- 
au as ou in house. times heard in Subanu speech; the 
ao as ow in how. sounds are not found in English. 
ay has the diphthongal sound of 2 in pine. 
With these notes from the field to guide us and with the assistance 
of the vocabulary it is practicable to construct the alphabetic scheme 
of Subanu as shown upon the following table: 
a 
e 0) 
i u 
y r, 1 WwW semivowels 
ng n m_nasals 
h aspiration 
ae in oy sibilant 
sonant h — — ° 
ae kh — asf SDMEENS 
sonant ¢ d b 
surd Kk t at ae 
palatal lingual labial 
series series series. 
I find that this is the 107th time I have published the alphabetic 
diagram for languages of my study. Out of this frequency of use has 
grown familiarity and fulness of comprehension. I regard the diagram 
as far more than a convenience in the presentation of the alphabetic 
scheme of any speech; to me it is a language picture by which it is 
