SUBANU PHONETICS AND COMPOSITION MEMBERS. 15 
The abrasion of an initial mute (aao, abayo, apote) has already been 
discussed at length; it calls for less attention here since for the second 
and third of these instances we have unabraded forms as well. The 
assumption of an initial palatal mute is exhibited in gasol. 
The Spanish r becomes | except in daro, pares. 
That bino shows a change of Spanish v to b while viste retains it 
unaltered, although this labial spirant is not included in the proper 
alphabet, is easily explicable. The Tagalog, with whom the Spaniards 
came first into contact, made the mutation to bino; thence, as the 
knowledge of vinous and distilled liquors spread in advance of the Span- 
ish culture and through purely Philippine exchanges, the different lan- 
guages encountered in this very intoxicating course adopted the Tagalog 
word long before the original Spanish form came within their knowledge. 
The interior change whereby confesar becomes compinsal is of pecu- 
liar interest and will not be difficult of comprehension if we approach 
it simply. In the f the Subanu finds a consonant modulant to which 
his lips are not trained, and it must equally be understood that his ear is 
undoubtedly as yet dull to its nicety of position and vibration. He does 
the best he can; he hits theultimate labial possibility p, and because he 
has been making a particular effort to employ an unfamiliar labial he is 
easily led to attract the preceding nasal from n of the lingual series to 
m of the labial series. 
In gobernador and padron he hears the r grasseyé, a variant of the 
liquid which is beyond his practice. ‘That in gobednarol and paldon he 
has reproduced this by d, the ultimate possibility of lingual effort, is yet 
one more instance that when for any reason he has to pass beyond the 
minimum consonant activity there is nothing to check his effort before 
reaching the maximum activity. Yetin each of these words a d which is 
easy for him to produce goes back to the liquid, r and I respectively. 
This is a secondary result of the particular effort already made which 
has produced a mutation d and therefore renders necessary some variant 
in the simple d. 
In sondalo, from soldado, the mutation from the lingual semivowel 
to the nasal of its own series is a passage through the least possible dis- 
tance. ‘That it has been made in this case I incline to attribute to the 
Subanu tendency when d in an interior position is preceded by 0 to 
employ the preface of the nasal of its own series, as we have seen in 
gondaay and gondt. a 
These words sondalo and sarol and gobednarol show anr or | deriva- 
tive from d, a tendency which we have already seen operative in the 
case of a truly Subanu d when in an inner position. 
