SUBANU-VISAYAN FILIATION. 93 
nous people who were feebly in possession of the islands at the time of 
the coming of the first wave of Malay migration. Unfit to make a 
successful stand against the better-equipped invaders these almost 
pygmy people withdrew to the mountains where they could preserve 
in uninterrupted simplicity their rude life but little advanced above the 
plane of social animals. In the same manner the earliest Malayan 
settlers were dealt with by later swarms of their own race; before the 
better fighters they, too, withdrew from the coasts and found a refuge 
in the seclusion of the mountains. This we may readily comprehend 
in the case of the Subanu shyly retreating before their Visayan kinsmen. 
I think that further study will establish this as fact in the case of the 
Bontoc Igorot, that they are in some sense poor and primitive relations 
of the Tagals who have established themselves as the dominant race of 
the northern area of the Philippines. 
At the present time there is marked difference between the Tagals 
of the north and the Visayans of the south. This difference is nowhere 
more marked than in speech; mutually incomprehensible they would 
not be identified as of the same stock save upon philological investi- 
gation. ‘This diversity of settlement is an affair of somewhat modern 
times; at least it has been formed in the last wave of migration which 
established the settlement of the Philippines as we now see it. It is 
not in the least necessary to postulate the same diversity for the earlier 
migration wave out of western Malaysia, it is quite possible that the 
first settlers were far more homogeneous. ‘Therefore it need cause us 
no surprise should we discover a relation between Subanu and Bontoc 
Igorot of the earlier migration which may imply community of origin. 
In the collation of Seidenadel’s vocabulary of the Bontoc Igorot 
I have succeeded in identifying 90 affiliates which may be recognized in 
the Subanu with no great difficulty. A very considerable number of 
these affiliates lie within the element common to Malayan and Poly- 
nesian; therefore they add their confirmation to the conclusions which 
I base upon the similar element of the Subanu. ‘These affiliates I shall 
list in tables based upon the several phonetic elements involved in 
order to facilitate our topical consideration of the material. 
The liquid 1 is practically common to Subanu and Bontoc Igorot 
as shown in this table: 
Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. 
dalan djalan lima i salamin salming 
dila djila linao i salapi 
galad alad lipay sapulu 
golo olo lua ] sulat 
goloan olaoan lusung ‘ sulu 
gulungan kolong palad tolo 
laga lago palay tolod itoludko 
lagi lalaki pilak i tongalang alang 
laneg lanib pili ili walu walo 
lasag kalasay 
