94 THE SUBANU. 
The only instances of 1-mutation are these: 
Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. 
bulan buan lanao tjanaom ngalan ngadan 
sapulu po’o ngalan ngatjan gare - ali 
The loss of 1 is found within the Subanu, as, for instance, the 
alternative forms dalan and daan. ‘The interchange of r—l in gare—ali 
is so slight and so familiar as to attract no attention. The mutation 
I-d and the slight variant 1-tj is mutation in series, therefore readily 
to be comprehended, it is passage from the weaker effort of lingual 
closure to the most forceful effort in 1-d or stopping in 1-tj just short 
of that limit. 
The palatal nasal ng is found for the most part unchanged; the 
only instances of variety are ng—n in /usung—luson and the dropping 
of the sound in posong—poso. ‘The instances where this consonant 
remains unaltered are the following: 
Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. 
gulungan kolong payung payong sopingi iping 
ngalan ngadan saguing saking tongalang alang 
panga panga sising singsing 
The lingual nasal n exhibits a minimum of mutation. The stems 
in which it appears unchanged in the two languages afford us this table: 
Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. 
bulan buan. lanao tjanaom niug niyog 
cana kanek laneg lanib ngalan ngadan 
goloan olaoan liriao alinoao pono punek 
gonom inim manoc monok sigupan songyopan 
ina ina masin asin sinbaan simfan 
inom inumek minsan mamingsan toon taaowin 
The recessive inter-organic mutation from lingual to palatal, 
n—ng, is found in the three instances cana—mangan, minsan—mamingsan, 
salamin-salming; the progressive mutation ng—n has been noted in 
asingle instance. The progressive inter-organic mutation from lingual 
to labial, n—m, is found in the single instance of simbaan—simfan; this 
is readily explicable by attraction to the labial tract in the effort to 
produce the surd spirant f in an intermediate lip closure not yet fully in 
the habit of the speech. We note such attraction in the Subanu itself. 
Quite as we should expect from our acquaintance with languages of 
this type, the labial nasal m exhibits no mutation phases in this material ; 
the occurrences of its community are noted in the following table: 
Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. Subanu. Bontoc. 
gama ama. manoc monok salamin salming 
gonom inim mata mata siam siam 
inom inumek minsan mamingsan sombag samfad 
lima lima 
