POLYNESIAN AND MALAYAN. 103 
From the beginning there has been some opposition to Bopp’s 
Malayo-Polynesian family. John Crawfurd, a profound student of 
the Malay, was the first to raise his voice in opposition and was treated 
with a most undeserved contempt for his really great powers; in For- 
nander’s words ‘‘he was treated as an ethnologic heretic.’’ ‘The only 
successful opposition directed upon Bopp dealt with quite another 
division of his Malayo-Polynesian theory, that in which he sought to 
associate this family with the Sanskrit, a position no longer held by phi- 
lologists. ‘The only modern author who has recurred to this position is 
Judge Fornander, who sought to establish the relation of the Polynesians 
with the Aryan folk; yet even in so doing Fornander is sedulous to set 
himself against his predecessor’s association of Malay and Polynesian. 
The same stand of opposition is held by authors so widely at variance 
upon other points of Polynesian study as Alphonse de Quatrefages, 
A. H. Keane, Lesson, and Alfred Russel Wallace. Despite this very 
respectable opposition, our systematic philologists cling to Bopp’s im- 
possible family. 
Now what has produced this error? Some cause there must have 
been of sufficient strength to prove operative upon Franz Bopp and 
Wilhelm von Humboldt to lead them into this position. Of their fol- 
lowers we need say nothing now save that they have one and all followed 
their leaders, that not one of them has sought the original material in 
confirmation of the doctrine which they have blindly accepted. 
There is a reason, and on its face and so far as it goes a very good 
one. In every Malayan language there is a certain number of words 
which either on immediate inspection or after very slight dissection are 
found to be in use in many, if not in most, of the languages of Polynesia. 
For myself I am willing to go one step more, to acknowledge that the 
words common to the Malayan and the Polynesian occur also in several 
languages of Melanesia. Probably had Humboldt known of this fact 
(in the complete absence of vocabulary material it was hidden from 
him) Bopp would have included this third member in his family, just as 
in the present time Dr. MacDonald has tried to doin his Oceanic family. 
We have followed one another in accepting the results of collation 
of this common material. Most of it will be found conveniently acces- 
sible in Mr. Tregear’s dictionary. Now I have had the opportunity to 
collate anew, and on fresh material, a Malayan language of the purest 
type and to extract the words in which I can see or detect community 
with languages of Polynesia. ‘These words, with all the comparable 
material at my disposal, are here set down in order for individual exam- 
ination, that we may be fully prepared to enter upon the exhaustive 
study of the nature and source of this community. In ordering 
this material I have shown, in the caption of each item, the Proto- 
Samoan stem and the Subanu form, or in default of the discovery of 
of this stem in the Subanu I have established the comparison upon the 
