POLYNESIAN AND MALAYAN. 105 
the Malayan cognates i becomes ui and oi, and in the vowel uncer- 
tainty of these languages, the two forms are different alphabetically 
rather than inreality. It willbe seen from an examination of the maps 
that this variant occurs almost distinctly in the eastern and older half 
of the Malayan province, where also prosthesis occurs. 
Subanu gapoy exhibits the maximum of mutation away from the 
primal stem, prosthesis in the same sense as in Guam, mutation of the 
consonant from spirant to mute, alteration of the final vowel. 
2. hangi to blow: Visayan hangin the wind. P. W. 317. 
angi Samoa, Tonga, Futuna, Niué, | angi Bima. 
Uvea, Nukuoro, Maori, Ma- | ange Kisa. 
ngareva, Moriori. angin Malay. 
dhangi Viti. angina Malagasy. 
ani Hawaii, Marquesas. anging Macassar, Bugis. 
kanging Bali. 
hangin Java, Tagalog, Magindano, Bicol. 
I am not indisposed to regard the Proto-Samoan stem as hangin, 
basing this upon the Samoan form in the objective aspect angina and 
the Viti dhangina, as to which Hazlewood notes “‘an irregular passive.” 
On this assumption the Malayan hangin, all in the eastern half of the 
province except Java, isaconstant. We have learned to interpret the 
dh of the Viti phonetic as the attempt, an effort which through force 
overleaps its aim, to render the aspiration proximate to the lingual 
series, this aspiration having become extinct in all other Polynesian. 
In this reading of the early stem we look upon hangin as a preservation 
of the original in Indonesia, and the Bima and Kisa forms as having 
undergone the same modification as is the case in the present phase of 
the Polynesian. The other mutations entail no difficulty, mutation 
from n to ng in the final consonant in three instances, and of initial 
h to kin Bali. This may be an accretion of the palatal mute after 
the loss of the aspiration, that is to say kanging may be a secondary 
development upon anging; on the other hand I have established for 
the triple aspiration a portative value whereby mutation extra seriem 
may be brought about, and this mutation from lingual aspiration to 
palatal mute is conceivable as effected by the tendency to revert to 
the palatal, further exhibited in the n-ng mutation. The primal type 
is best preserved in the eastern or Philippine subprovince. 
3. aku I; Visayan aco I. 
a‘u) - Samoa. aku Sulu, Malay. 
au Tonga, Futuna, Uvea, Niué, Raro- | akui Kayan. 
tonga, Rapanui, Tahiti, Marque- | aho Malagasy. 
sas, Mangareva, Hawaii. yahu Kisa. 
From a multiplicity of terms employed in Indonesia for the first 
personal pronoun, many of them mere forms of courtesy, these have 
been selected as clearly belonging to the Polynesian stem. ‘There are 
no difficulties of mutation, for k-h is but a halfway post on the line 
toward the extinction of k in modern Polynesian. ‘The accretion of a 
