106 THE SUBANU. 
final vowel in Kayan is counterbalanced by frontal accretion of the 
semivowel of the same type in Kisa. 
4. ate the liver; Subanu gatai id. P. W. 320. 
ate Samoa, Tonga, Futuna, Niué, Uvea, | ate Pampangas. 
Fotuna, Nuguria, Maori, Tahiti, | ati Malay, Java, Magindano. 
Rapanui, Marquesas, Mangareva, | atai Matu. 
Rarotonga. atay Visayan, Tagalog. 
ake Hawaii. addy Bontoc Igorot. 
yate Viti. hut Ternati. 
akin Kisa. 
Here we imeet with no matters of particular interest so far as 
relatestoform. ‘The original stem is retained unchanged, for the vowel 
difference is negligible, in two languages of the eastern and two of 
the western subprovince. ‘The assumption of an initial aspiration in 
Ternati is not unusual, the accretion of final n in Kisa is frequent, the 
t-k mutation in the same speech foreshadows the great movement in 
that direction which has swept over the Polynesian area with a force 
not yet spent. ‘The sense variety in the application of this stem is 
most attractive. In the great majority of instances its reference is to 
the liver, but it has been applied not only to other inner organs but to 
parts of the body exterior to the trunk cavity. Thus we find it with 
a modifier used of the spleen in Samoan atepili. Without modifier it 
is used of the spleen (Efaté), of the gall bladder (Wedau), of the lungs 
(Rapanui), of the chest in general (Solomon Islands and perhaps Mota), 
of the heart (Java). What is the common factor which will admit of 
such diverse applicability? The heart as known to these amateurs of 
the insides of their foes is a hard body, the lungs soft to the touch. 
This distinction is so well comprehended that in many of these lan- 
guages one word does duty for the heart of man and the stone of fruits. 
The name of the lungs is the word which in adjective use means light, 
exactly paralleled by our use of the word lights, an expression by a 
still further oddity now most familiar to us in Quilp’s adjuration, ‘‘Oh, 
my lights and liver!’ Between these extremes the other organs which 
carry this name are variously graded in density. Itis quite clear, then, 
that density is not the point in this nomenclature. Another common 
factor is that of shape: every one of these organs appears to the sight 
asnodular, anagglomeration distinct from the softer organs among which 
they are exposed to view in the crude processes of anatomy to which 
the trunk is subjected by hungry savages. ‘This sense is probably the 
germ sense of ate, for we find it in the Samoan atevae and atelima used 
of the bunches of muscle in leg and arm respectively when contracted. 
5. asu smoke; Visayan aso id. P. W. 286. 
asu. Samoa, Nukuoro. afu Futuna. 
aasu-) Rotuma. u Hawaii. 
osu- Rotuma. 
ahu ‘Tonga, Niué, Uvea. as-ap Malay. 
ohu Nuguria. aso Tagalog. 
au Maori, Nuguria, Tahiti, Mangareva, | ashok  Bontoc Igorot. 
Marquesas, Rapanui, Rarotonga. | etu-na Malagasy. 
