POLYNESIAN AND MALAYAN. 109 
to the mute of its own series. ‘The western group, Malay and Java, 
applies the mutation to the inner liquid exactly as in Sikaiana. The 
eastern group, geographically the Philippines and linguistically the 
earlier phase of the Malayan, applies the mutation to the initial liquid. 
As to this, I have in the foregoing chapter mentioned the effect of 
stress in pronunciation. 
9. hala road; Subanu dalan id. 
hala Tonga, Niué. 
hara Nuguria. saleh Malay. 
sala Viti, Rotuma. jalan Malay, Silong. 
ala Samoa, Futuna, Uvea, Hawaii, Nu- | dalan Java, Ilocano, Visayan. 
kuoro. djalan Bontoc Igorot. 
ara Maori, Tahiti, Mangaia, Rapanui, | daan Visayan. 
Mangareva. alah Malay. 
eara Paumotu. aleha Malagasy. 
aa Marquesas. 
In those parts of Nuclear Polynesia less exposed to the influence 
of the Tongafiti supersession upon the older community of Proto- 
Samoans, we find the effort made to preserve the stem aspirate, and in 
Viti its passage to the sibilant. The vowel prefix in Paumotu may 
represent the same effort to preserve the stem initial, for the Paumotu 
speech is in some interesting particulars of the oldest type of Polynesian. 
In the Indonesian affiliates we find most strongly marked the mutation 
results from this original aspirate. Viti shows us that it was the aspi- 
ration proximate to the linguals, for the h-s mutation is clearly indica- 
tive. Soin the Indonesian, all the mutation takes place in the lingual 
series, to the sibilant, the spirant, and the mute respectively. The 
three Malay forms, jalan, saleh, alah, form a descending series within 
that language sufficient to render it unnecessary for us to associate the 
alah with the Tongafiti migration, since the Polynesian itself does not 
divide in migration streams upon this point. 
10. hake up; Visayan saca to go up. 
hake Tonga, Niué, Uvea. a‘e Samoa. 
dhake Viti. ae Tahiti, Hawaii. 
ake Futuna, Uvea,Aniwa, Marquesas, Ma- 
ngareva, Paumotu, Bukabuka. daki Malay. 
From the next preceding item we continue the note upon the 
lingual aspiration and the mutation tod. ‘The h-s mutation in Visa- 
yan is not in accord with the stronger h-d mutation just seen. 
11. fafa to carry on the back; Subanu baba to carry by land. 
fafa Samoa, Tonga, Futuna, Niué. 
vava Viti. baba Subanu. 
The sense in Polynesian is particular after the habit of those lan- 
guages; the Subanu sense is more broadly stated, yet that need not 
militate against the identification, for the phonetic accord is quite 
satisfactory. It will be observed that the word is distinctively Proto- 
Samoan. 
