POLYNESIAN AND MALAYAN. 119 
25. hiku tail; Visayan icog id. 
hiku Tonga, Uvea, Niué, Marquesas. siku Malay. 
iku Tonga, Futuna, Mangaia, Mangareva, | iku Bareé. 
Rapanui. ikur Malay. 
i‘u. Samoa. ikun Buru. 
sifu. Samoa. eko Kayan. 
hiu Tahiti, Hawaii. ukui To-Bungku. 
uhi Malagasy. 
The identifications are satisfactory except for the Malagasy ul; 
this would involve an inversion of syllables (for which we have no war- 
rant) in an Indonesian stem hiu, of which we find no trace. In both 
areas we encounter an interlacing of two stems: /iku “the tail, to end,”’ 
and siku ‘“‘the elbow, any projecting angle.” It is not impossible that 
these are particulars of one general idea slightly differentiated in 
the form. 
26. inum to drink; Subanu guinom id. P. W. 376. 
inu (m) Samoa, Fakaofo, Tonga, Nuku- | inom Visayan. 
oro, Futuna, Niué, Uvea, ma-—inum Bontoc Igorot. 
Nuguria, Maori, Tahiti, | minum Malay. 
Marquesas, Mangareva, Fo- | minom Pampangas. 
tuna, Mangaia, Tongarewa, | o-minum  Magindano. 
Rarotonga, Manahiki, Ro- | o-minom _ Tagalog. 
tuma, Aniwa, Hawaii. minu-na Malagasy. 
unu (m) Rapanui, Sikaiana, Viti. nginum Java. 
ngunu (v) Viti. ma-—nginum Bontoc Igorot. 
ma-—ngino ‘Togean. 
For some reason, which it is quite impossible to determine in our 
present knowledge of these two language families, this stem in each 
area has been subjected to violent perturbation. In Polynesia we find 
the two types num and unum, a vowel change somewhat extensive, but 
not by any means unfamiliar. In Viti, alongside the Polynesian unum, 
we encounter the form ngunuv. The possibility of an alternative stem 
final in v is confirmed by the presence of zmuv in Nggela and unuv in 
Mota along the Melanesian traverse. The accretion of ng is met with 
in Java nginum, Igorot ma—nginum and Togean ma-ngino. Except for 
the last and the Malagasy form the Indonesian exhibits the stem imum. 
In the Visayan this appears without ornament, and the Subanu accords 
therewith except in the particular of the g frontal accretion which we 
have found so characteristically applied to stems beginning with a vowel. 
In five examples, three in the Philippines and two in the extreme west 
of Indonesia, we find the secondary stem minum, which has not passed 
along into Polynesia; yet the Igorot ma-inum suggests that minum is 
a composite of zwum with verb-formative ma. 
27. isu nose; Subanu soong id. P. W. 348. 
isu. Samoa, Futuna, Fakaofo, Aniwa, | ihu Tonga, Niué, Uvea, Maori, Tahiti, 
Manahiki, Nuguria, Fotuna, Hawaii, Marquesas, Mangareva, 
Rotuma. Paumotu, Rapanui, Tongarewa, 
ishu Moiki. Nukuoro. 
iu Rarotonga. udhu Viti. 
In my former examination of the intricacies in which this stem is 
involved (The Polynesian Wanderings, 348) I was led to the erection of 
