POLYNESIAN AND MALAYAN. 121 
pahkau Fotuna, pakau Maori and Moriori, pekeheu Marquesas, pehau 
Mangareva, peheu Tahiti and Hawaii. Rotuma papau is not exactly 
reconcilable, but seems in some way associated. Omitting Fotuna, 
these are distinctively Tongafiti languages. On the other hand, the 
secondary stem kapak is found generally in Polynesian, in the Malay, 
and equally in the Visayan and Magindano. It is accordingly mani- 
fest that pak and kapak were synchronous in the Proto-Polynesian 
before the two streams were divided at their source, but that the secon- 
dary stem was not considered necessary in the “‘wing’’ composite by 
the ancestors of the Tongafiti. In my earlier study of the word I am 
manifestly in error of judgment in regarding kapak as primitive and 
pak as derivative by abrasion of the former syllable. It comports far 
better with a theory of evolution in the languages of isolation to proceed 
from the simpler form to the more complex, from the general and diffuse 
to the specific and particular. 
29. kape wild taro; Subanu gabe an edible tuber. 
kabe Tonga. 
kape Futuna, Niué, Mangareva, Rapanui, 
Marquesas. 
‘ape Samoa. 
gabe Subanu. 
gabi Visayan. 
gobe Subanu. 
ape Marquesas, Tahiti. 
This stem is of peculiar interest as indicative of one of the most 
remote outposts in the Pacific of Proto-Samoan migration. In the 
Malayan archipelago it occurs in the most primitive region of the lan- 
guage family; in the Pacific it is found only in Nuclear Polynesia, save 
for its recurrence in all the languages of the province of Southeastern 
Polynesia which I have found it advisable to constitute. In that prov- 
ince this stem is one of several pieces of evidence upon which I have 
been able to establish the fact of an early settlement by wanderers of 
the early migration community. 
30. kau tree; Subanu cahoy, gayo id. 
P.W. 353. 
kau Futuna, Niué, Fakaofo, Manahiki, | gai Omba, Arag, Nggela, Bugotu, Gog, 
Nuguria, Maori, Rarotonga, Tangoan Santo. 
Tongarewa, Mangareva, Pau- | hai Vaturanga, New Georgia. 
motu, Fotuna, Sikaiana, Nu- | ai Malekula, Ulawa, Bululaha, Alite, 
kuoro, Rapanui, Moiki, Tonga, Vitu, Graget. 
Uvea, Marquesas, Viti. ta-—ngae Mota. 
‘au Samoa. gei-ga Maewo. 
au Hawaii, Tahiti. re-ga_ §_- Lakon, Lo. 
kao Aniwa. ta-—nkei Merlav. 
kou Aniwa. nge Volow, Motlav, Norbarbar, Vuras, 
kai Viti. Mosin, Pak, Sasar, Alo Teqel. 
oi Rotuma. ge Malekula. 
cen ke Umre, Leng. 
kasu Efaté. gi Tanna. 
gazu Nggao. 
kau Efaté, Sesake, Epi, Nguna, Anei- | cahoy Subanu, Visayan. 
tyum. gayo Subanu. 
gau Marina. kayu Malay, Baju. 
au Motu. kayao  Bontoc Igorot. 
kai Aneityum, Bierian, Malo, Epi, | hazu Malagasy. 
: Longa, Leut. kai Teor. 
gair Murray Island. 
