POLYNESIAN AND MALAYAN. 123 
collation of the Melanesian material. Segregated according to the 
mutation of the primal consonant k, this falls into a remarkably com- 
pact and interesting table with exceedingly few lacune. 
iko in-iko in—ik n—-iko n-ik ik ko 
en-ik 
igo in-igo as n-igo soe we go 
ingo ig—ingo in—ing g-ingo n-ing nate ngo 
ni—ingo 
Ae in—ek ara n—ek 
ni—ek 
eee Nhe ng—ike eee a ke 
in—iko Maewo, Merlav, Mota. ni—ingo Sesake. 
in-ik Gog. in-ing Volow. 
en-ik Vanua Lava. g-ingo Arag. 
n-iko Maewo. n-ing Volow. 
n-ik Merlav, Gog, Lakon, Vanua Lava. ngo Sesake, Omba. 
ik Merlav. in-ek Motlav. 
ko Epi, Sesake, Maewo, Mota. ni-ek Norbarbar. 
in-igo Santo. ng-ike Lo. 
n-igo Santo. ke Gog, Lakon, Lo. 
go Santo, Arag, Omba, Maewo. ka Mota. 
ig—ingo Arag. 0) Ambrym, Santo. 
From this showing we perceive that zcao and the putative primal 
form cao have been carried into the movement toward Polynesia, for 
this is the sole present worth of Melanesia to our studies, and that they 
have been subjected to the same mutation, kao has become ko. At 
present we may regard this as vowel loss. ‘This mutation is rare in the 
attributives, yet not unknown; in the demonstratives it is more com- 
mon. Where so much of the primal stem is preserved we must admit 
this mutation by vowel loss as permissible. Thus we are led from zcao 
to zko, and this we find in Nuclear Polynesia in the strengthened ko zko 
of Viti, a language in which we encounter much that is archetypal of 
Polynesian. Those students who have examined my establishment 
(The Polynesian Wanderings, page 147) of two streams of Polynesian 
exit from Indonesia, the Viti Stream by way of Torres Strait, the Samoa 
Stream by the north coast of New Guinea, will have no difficulty in 
recognizing this series as deposited along the sweep of the southern or 
Viti Stream. For the northern course, the Samoa Stream, Melanesia 
affords us another type of mutation, which may be set forth in the 
following tables: 
igoe ihoe ioe io o, ho 
igoo Sane Sasi ie go, no 
goo 
igoe Neggela, Bugotu, Ngao. igoo Fagani. 
ihoe Vaturanga. ! goo Fagani. 
ioe Ulawa, Wango, Saa. go Fagani, Nggela, Bugotu, Ngao. 
io Saa. no Savo. 
0) Ulawa, Wango. 
Here we see a vowel mutation from kao to koe; preferably we have 
the two variants from some primal type which we are not yet able to 
uncover in Indonesia. ‘The devolution leads us (go) both to the ko type 
of Viti and to the koe type of Polynesia in general. 
