136 THE SUBANU. 
As set forth in my former note, we sense a primal mok, although in 
no speech yet found does it appear unsupported. Additional to the 
closed Indonesian forms here listed, I note similars from Melanesia; 
Marina namugi, Lakon namug, Galavi and Boniki namokiri, Tangoan 
Santo moke, Malo mohe, Tanna kumug, Taupota himokini, Wedau imo- 
kint. ‘The Dayak and Macassar forms have a parallel in Moanus njam. 
60. nifo tooth; Subanu ngisi id. P. W. 302. 
1 nifo Samoa, Tonga, Niué, Futuna, { 25 livon  Siassi. 
Uvea, Fakaofo, Fotuna, | 26 liwo Arag, Graget. 
Moiki. 27 lewo Motlav. 
2 niho Nukuoro, Aniwa, Maori, Tahiti, | 28 liwoi Mota, Maewo. 
Hawaii, Marquesas, Rapa- | 29 liwun Rook. 
nui, Mangareva, Paumotu, | 30 luvo Admiralty. 
Manahiki. 31 lu6n  Bilibili. 
3 nitcho Sikaiana. 32 lung Jabim. 
4 nio Mangaia, Rarotonga. 33 riho Wango. 
5 ngiho Nuguria. 34 ribo Malekula. 
35 hise Motu. 
6 nifan Onin. 36 ike Doura. 
7 niho  Ulawa, Saa, Bululaha, Buka. 37 igeo Uni. 
8 nihena Roro. 38 oke Galavi, Boniki. 
9 niwo Awalama. 39 ivo Taupota, Wedau. 
10 niuwo Tavara. 
Il niou fai. 40 nifoa Matabello. 
12 nyo Lifu. 41 nify Malagasy. 
13 nibo Mukawa. 42 nifin Chamorro. 
14 nise Kabadi. 43 nihi Manatolo, Sula. 
15 nisan Nokon. 44 nihan Kisa. 
16 nike Pokau. 45 nichi Bouton. 
17 ni’e Mekeo. 46 nissy East Vaiqueno. 
18 ni Panaieti. 47 nissin West Brissi. 
19 nini Tubetube, Misima. 48 nipun Magindano. 
20 nungi Tagula. 49 knipan Kayan. 
21 ngise’ Pala. 50 ngisi Subanu. 
22 lifo Fagani. 51 ngipin Tagalog. 
23 liho Buka, Ugi, Bougainville. 52 ngipon Visayan. 
24 livo Alite, Vaturanga, Neggela, Bieri- 
an, Epi, Wuvulu, Aua, Pa- 
luan, Leut, Nakanai. 
The available data from the three Oceanic areas have been here 
arrayed upon the basis of the changes which are found to have taken 
place in the initial consonant. In Polynesia and Indonesia these are 
very slight, n—ng in 5, 50, 51, and 52. This is a mutation from lingual 
backward to palatal, of great frequency in the nasals of these languages. 
The kn of Kayan (49) is anomalous. With the excessive variety of the 
initial in the Melanesian areas we need not engage, for it does not 
enlighten us upon any problems of the Malayan and the Polynesian at 
this point. In like manner we note the persistence of the former vowel i 
and therefore need not consider Melanesia. 
The second consonant f exhibits great variety and presents prob- 
lems. We find the f in 1, all Proto-Samoan Languages and confined to 
Nuclear Polynesia, including two of the languages of the Western Verge 
and omitting three. In Melanesia this f occurs but in two languages 
(6, 22), in Indonesia but three times (41 the extreme western offshoot 
of the Malayan, 40 and 42 extreme eastern offshoots). Labial mutants 
