POLYNESIAN AND MALAYAN. 145 
posite signifies ‘little tama.” So with tamafafine, this means ‘“‘ woman 
tama.” It is highly improbable that any simple minds could think 
of calling a child, little father; it is inconceivable that a girl could be 
spoken of as a female father with its clear contradiction in terms. In 
the later migration, therefore, tama means no more than human being. 
In the rude society of the earlier migration it is quite possible that society 
was recognized as consisting of human beings and women; therefore the 
word would acquire largely a male connotation; then particularly the 
head of the family unit; thence, in view of his function, father. 
There is one great problem in the study of the form of the vocable. 
Subanu gama is readily seen to be the common Indonesian ama with its 
own characteristic noun-formative prefix. All Polynesia has the tama 
form, practically all Indonesia has ama; in Melanesia the two are about 
equal in occurrence and they are found indifferently in neighboring 
communities. I regard tama as primal, principally for the reason that 
I have found it in the Klemantan of North Borneo. In many details 
these pagan tribes of the great island show much in common with the 
Subanu and they are recognized as preserving many of the words of an 
archetypal Malayan. 
80. tatou we (inclusive); Visayan quita id. 
da Viti. gi-da Maewo. 
ta-tou Samoa, Futuna, Uvea, Maori, | ni-da Sesake. 
Rarotonga, Mangareva, Ta- | da-ga Lo. 
hiti, Paumotu, Rapanui. gi-de Omba. 
aipeki-ta—tou Aniwa. i-de Nifilole. 
tau-tolu Tonga, Niué. di Murua. 
da-tou Viti. d Merlav. 
ka-kou Hawaii. ge—d Motlav. 
gi-d Merlav, Gog, Volow. 
ta Arag, Pokau, Awalama, Taupota, | d-—at Duke of York. 
Wedau, Galavi, Mukawa, | ka Waima, Roro, Kabadi. 
Kwagila, Kubiri, Raqa. ’a Mekeo. 
gi-ta Arag, Marina, Bugotu, Ngao, | ra Sinaugoro, Hula, Keapara, Ga- 
Barriai. loma, Rubi, Panaieti. 
ngi-ta Aneityum. la Sinaugoro, Tubetube. 
hi-ta Vaturanga. 
i-ta Epi. ta-lau Matu. 
ge-t Lakon, Vanua Lava. qui-ta Visayan. 
da Omba, Maewo, Motu, Suau, Sa- 
riba, Kiriwina, Dobu, Nada. 
This pronoun is properly to be correlated with the exclusive matou 
of item 57. In studying out the migration tracks it will be found 
interesting to compare the geography of the gita type here with the 
kama type of the former. It will be seen that Polynesia has had the 
primal ma and ta and has developed them along a system proper to 
that family; but in Melanesia it has been closely followed by a stream 
of migration from some center possessed of the gita and kama personal 
pronouns, a stream which fed the Visayas northward and Melanesia 
southward, and in the latter direction the occurrence of this form at 
Barriai shows the course north of New Guinea in contrast with the 
