POLYNESIAN AND MALAYAN. 165 
In The Polynesian Wanderings, loc. cit., I have discussed at length 
the question of precedence in the signification of this stem, whether the 
five derives from the five fingers of the hand or the hand derives from 
the five of its digitation. The very considerable additions of material 
in the present tabulation add nothing, subtract nothing from the argu- 
ment there advanced. After renewing consideration of the subject I 
yet incline toward the opinion that the numerical sense is primordial 
and the hand secondary. 
104. ONO six; Subanu gonom id. 
ono | Samoa, Tonga, Futuna, Niué, | onu Kolon. 
Uvea, Fakaofo, Viti, Manga- | on Panaieti. 
reva, Rapanui, Marquesas, | anam Malay. 
Tahiti, Hawaii, Rarotonga, | unam Salayer. 
Manahiki, Maori, Aniwa, | nam Kayan, Baju. 
Sikaiana. enem Bontoe Igorot. 
on Rotuma. nanam Java. 
namano Bouton. 
ono Omba, Arag, Ulawa, Saa, Wango, | nain Mahuan. 
Fagani, Nggela, Vaturanga, | nem Teor. 
Bugotu, New Georgia. e-nem Iliwaki. 
ona Tagula. nen Tihu. 
onem Mafoor. nome Awaiya, Caimarian. 
ano Kowamerara. lomi Wahai. 
eno Le Maire. num Menado, Tobo. 
fa-mno WNggao. ka—num Sanguir. 
monom King. gane Sulu. 
wono Leng, Mouk, Lambell. ne Cajeli. 
wona Brierly Island. noo Lariko. 
uone Likkilikki. nooh_ Saparua. 
won Laur, Lamassa, Nok6én. noh Amblaw. 
noi Ahtiago. 
gonom Subanu. an—nuh_ Salibabo. 
onom Visayan, Dusun. nena Liang, Morella, Batumerah. 
onomo__ Bolanghitam. e-nina Malagasy. 
onam Matabello. ini Bima. 
onem Dorey. lep—wonan Gani. 
onum Mysot. wonen Gah. 
It will be seen at a glance that the tabulation for 6 varies widely 
from that for 5; the difference numerically stated is that we have suc- 
ceeded in establishing /zma in 197 languages of these three oceanic areas 
and ono in but 80, the decrease being wholly in Melanesia. The reason 
for this decrease lies wholly outside the realm of philology; it is not at 
all a question of phonetic variety. It inheres in the art of counting, it 
is a limitation of arithmetic, it is the picture of human minds yet unde- 
veloped. Our first five numerals are true digits, fingers of one hand. 
At this point arithmetic may begin, in Polynesia it has begun, in Indo- 
nesia it has come perhaps a little more slowly but it has arrived. In 
Melanesia there are scores of people who have not attained to the sense 
of mathematics and the system of the decimals, having counted one 
hand they start and count the other hand, a new operation and a dis- 
continuous one. Six is not in the sweep of the arithmetical series, it is 
one on the other hand; the meaning of some of these designations of six 
is selected at random, ‘‘hand and one,” ‘“‘hand-other one,’’ ‘‘hand on- 
its-top one,’’ a system which leads us eventually to the complicated 
