1 Jony, 1898. ] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 73 
desiccated powder. Probably the success of this bowdl/on as a popular beverage 
was due mainly to the fact that for the first time the public were enabled to 
buy a cup of decently made and invigorating beef-tea cheaply over the counter. 
“ Johnston’s Fluid Beef” found much help in its sale at first, owing to the 
Scott Act in Canada, and a hot cup of Bovril was no mean substitute for hot 
spirits when the sale of alcoholic drinks was prohibited. Others have followed 
in the wake of Mr. Johnston, and have adopted packages which are similar in 
appearance, and cannot help but be looked upon as a colourable imitation of — 
the first popular bouillon on the market. It is rather a pity that the inventors _ 
of similar preparations have not struck out a new line in the shape and style 
of bottles and jars. 
The slaughter of cattle on the River Plate and Rio Grande districts is 
about 2,000,000 head annually. The South American process is briefly much 
that which I have described above. The arrangements for slaughtering the 
cattle in great numbers and for dressing them with the utmost despatch are 
very complete, and the meat used is carefully selected. The basis of Bovril 
and other douillons is, as we have said, the extract of beef. It is claimed, 
however, for this and other mixtures that the elements that coagulate in the 
liquid extract are restored with the manufacture of the finished article in 
England, and that the dried albumen and fibrin are sent over in hermetically 
sealed tins and worked back into the mixture here. 
It is significant of the even greater development which may wait the 
Australian trade that many of the large manipulators give preference to the 
finest Australasian extract, as it possesses a greater fullness and, if anything, 
a finer flavour than the South American. 
CoMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF VARIOUS Forms or Exrracts or MEAr. 
Liebig’s Process | | 
— or Modifica- Bouillon. | Meat. | Jellies. 
tions. 
Wika a a es 16°54 2914 | 8015 51°80 
Sodium chloride ... es We 3-11 14°12 | 0°26 7-50 
Other salts ... x: ee i 19°63 8°38 | 1:04 § (as) 
Organic matter... of. we 60°72 53°36 \ 9°55 40°70 
In the Organic Matter. 
Albumose ... af in Ra 22°62 28°60 | 4:00 7-0 
Gelatin... oo ee aes 025 0°56 171 13°0 
Flesh Basis and Decomposition | 37°85 24°10 3:84 14:8 
Products 
Discussion. 
Mr. G. G. MacWrrrram said he was bound to express his obligations to 
the reader of the paper for the information he had given, and for the very 
interesting views he had shown. Although he had existed upon the extract, 
he did not know there was such gigantic machinery employed in its production ; 
and certainly those who had perfected the process deserved the warmest thanks 
of all who did not care for heavy feeding. It was a very important industry 
in the colonies so far as he could gather from the various companies already 
existing, and, judging from some others which were about to be formed, the trade 
was going to be much larger. He was glad of it, for there never was a time when 
soup could be so nicely and so generously made as at the present day, thanks 
to these admirable extracts. This industry would be largely developed ere 
long in other countries besides New South Wales, Queensland, and New 
‘Zealand. The grazing capacities of West Australia were being rapidly in- 
creased, and Queensland would find there a strong competitor. From Albany. 
up as far as Wagga he felt sure that in five years’ time there would be a con- 
siderable number of factories crected, because the cattle would by that time be 
very largely increased. They need not be alarmed at that, however, for the 
public inclination not only in England but in other countries was to make 
more and more use of this excellent addition to the food supply. 
