AD) QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Jury, 1898. 
the matter. From Professor Koch’s writings we learn that the awful disease is 
communicable between man and animal, and that thousands of human families have 
contracted the clisease through the careless use of meat, milk, and other dairy 
products. Now that we know diseased animals area source of human infection, it 
is high time that some steps should be taken to wipe it out, and I am quite satisfied 
that numerous herds in this colony are affected more or less with tuberculosis, and 
especially among the higher bred animals and herds that are kept on poor swampy 
country. I would strongly advise those about to build up herds to start by using the 
tuberculin test from the beginning, and I think the legislators of this colony would 
bestow a great blessing upon the human being if an Act were passed whereby 
the dairy herds could be inspected, and all diseased animals destroyed. ‘This, 
to my thinking, is the only means whereby the disease may be eradicated. 
‘We know for a fact that dairymen will not destroy diseased animals unless 
compelled to do so; and when by force of circumstances diseased catile 
are destroyed, they are either fed to pigs or if possible fattened for the butcher. 
Cancerous cattle are not unfrequently to be seen in milking herds. Although these 
remarks are brief, they deserve much consideration. In the August number of the 
Agricultural Journal I have written fully on choosing and breeding of dairy cattle; 
consequently it is unnecessary for me to deal with the matter here. However, I may 
inform the dairymen that our herds, or at least the majority of them, are unworthy of 
the name of milkers, and we may never expect an animal to be of a good strong constitu- 
tion if the calf is badly reared, as is the custom here at present. The farmer appears to 
think that if life can be kept in the calf nothing more is required; but a calf that is 
badly reared can never make a good cow. If the farmers of this colony were in 
possession of good herds, and paid attention to feeding, mill at ld. per gallon would 
be more profitable to the producer than it is at present at 3d. per gallon. To be 
successful, winter feeding must be carriea out. In conclusion, I wish to state that I 
have dealt with each subject as briefly as possible, but hope that discussion will be 
raised on any subjects mentioned in this paper. (Applause.) 
THE DAIRYING INDUSTRY. 
[By Mr. T. E. Coursoy, Rosewood.] 
The dairying industry is engaging the attention of a large number of the farmers 
and dairymen of the colony at the present time. Previous to the factory system, in 
the summer months we thought it a good price to get 5d. per lb. for butter, and 
sometimes as low as 2d. was all you could get. Such prices, as you know, held out no 
inducements to people to go into the industry, but, under the factory system, we not 
only get much better returns for our labour, but produce an article more fit for human 
consumption; consequently there is double the amount consumed. As may be 
anticipated, the production of the colony will overtake its consumption. ‘Then 
We are in a position to compete with other countries on the world’s markets, 
and the prices we have received lately for butter sent to London—viz., £4 14s. and 
£4 16s. per cwt.—are very encouraging. Already many people who formerly used to 
pa other products, such as hay and maize, for market—the low prices they received 
or which, left no margin of profit—have found it to their advantage to go ito the 
dairying industry, which has been the salvation of many small farmers of Southern 
Queensland. The Government is repurchasing large estates and cutting them up into 
small holdings, thereby encouraging a producing population which must ultimately 
increase the productions of the colony. ‘lo successfully carry on dairying, we must not 
lose sight of the fact that we want milking cows which are not within the reach of every 
farmer. Many that we milk now go by the name of cows; but when you look at the 
bucket, a better return ought to be got from a goat. But by judicious culling and 
mating the best of the cows with a pure-bred Ayrshire or eee bull, in time you 
may work into a fairly good dairying herd, as in the first cross there is decidedly a 
great improvement. Winter feeding is a matter that many of us have neglected to 
our sorrow, but experience has proved to us without a doubt that if we let milking 
cows get down in condition in the winter, they are not nearly so good at next calving. 
Supply to creameries is the mode by which the majority of farmers and dairymen 
dispose of their milk. There it is separated, and the skim milk returned to you to 
feed pigs and calves, A sample of your milk is retained from every supply for 
testing, as according to the percentage of butter-fat the price is computed. Here 
friction often arises between milk-suppliers and the managers of creameries. It is 
due to want of knowledge on the part of suppliers how to accurately test the milk 
they supply. Permit me to suggest that the Department of Agriculture might initiate 
the farmers and dairymen, through the medium of the Agricul/ura! Journal, 
“Into the art of testing their milk. By doing that it would supply a long- 
felt want. The security of cream during its transit to the manulactories 
