98 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Ava., 1898. 
a hard, flinty variety, and personally he (Mr. Hagenbach) considered it a good 
milling wheat. The wheat that was largely wanted on the Downs was one 
that would resist the weather as much as possible, and Budd’s Early filled the 
bill in this respect. 
Mr. E. Apams (Rockhampton) considered the special value of a crop of 
cow-pea would more than compensate for the trouble and labour involved in 
harvesting it. Besides, there were a class of men now growing up in the 
colony who would not be so afraid of work as their fathers. With regard to 
the price of seed, he thought he would have got some little information from 
farmers as to what they would be willing to give. 
Mr. Cuataway said that Mr. Lamb had regretted that more discussion 
had not taken place on the papers on maize and wheat, papers which had 
shown every mark of thoughtful preparation, but he should have remembered 
that wheat had had a very good innings the previous day; it having been 
discussed from the sowing of the seed to the storage of crop. The discussion 
on cow-pea, he fancied, had opened the eyes of a good many delegates, and 
had given them a good deal of useful information. With regard to the 
manurial value of the cow-pea, it had been shown by recent experiments that 
this was’in direct proportion to the depth the roots went down into the soil. 
As for the price of cow-pea seed, if Mr. Adams’ suggestion was followed out 
and those who grew cow-pea obtained 4d. per lb for seed, probably every 
farmer in the colony in a very few years would he raising seed. No price like 
4d. per Ib. would ever be paid over any length of time. A little more than 1d. 
per lb., or from 5s. to 6s. per bushel, for seed was all that could probably be 
expected when once the cow-pea was an established crop in the colony. 
INVITATION TO DELEGATES. 
Mr. Onaraway then announced that the ladies in charge of the ball in 
aid of the Rockhampton Children’s Hospital had very kindly and with great 
forethought invited the delegates to the ball that evening, and for which on 
behalf of the delegates he had thanked them. 
The following three papers were then read :— 
SUGAR BOUNTIES. 
[By Captain Atrrep Henry, Victoria, Lucinda Point.] 
The question of bounty-fed sugar, which now so greatly exercises the minds of 
the producers of cane sugar is, unfortunately, but little understood, and its magnitude 
but ill-appreciated by the general public of Queensland, and this paper is written in 
the endeavour to place the situation clearly before the latter. I purpose briefly to 
explain the system, its effect upon British colonial cane-growers and its possible 
effect on the British consumers, the motive which prompts it, the arguments that 
have been brought forward by a German critic of the anti-bounty agitators, the 
remedial measures that have been proposed, the objections which have been raised in 
this country and in England to such proposed measures, and, finally, to discuss what 
other measures, less open to objection, yet equally effective, might be adopted. To 
those already acquainted with the continental bounty system I must apologise for 
again briefly pointing out that France, Germany, Austria, and Belgium impose 
an Excise duty on manufactured beet sugar, from which they pay heavy bounties 
for all such sugar exported, and further protect the manufactured article by 
a Customs duty equal to about 33d. per Ib. he Excise duties levied by 
France, Germany, and Austria amount to £20,000,000, out of which £5,000,000 
is returned to the producers in bounties on the 2,000,000 tons exported ; and, as I 
have already mentioned, their sugar is protected by the absolutely prohibitive Customs 
duty of 33d. per lb. ‘The total home consumption of the three countries is 1,470,000 
tons, on which the producers practically receive 3d. a ton or £47,375,000, which, 
added to the £5,000,000 given in bounties on exports, amounts to £52,375,000—a gift 
which German statesmen in the Reichstag do not hesitate toavow is bestowed for the 
purpose of crushing the British colonial cane industry—and which, deducting the 
amount paid as Excise duties, gives a gain to the producers, on a production of 
3,585;000 tons, of £32;375,000 in excess of the value of the sugarinopen market, The 
